English Final Flashcards

Able to move quickly and easily

without feeling

a destructive fire, usually an extensive one

floating material

very faint

acting quickly without thought

relentless, unstoppable

cannot be touched

a beginner

a quality that evokes sadness

evoking sadness

attractively unusual

sparkiling

move sideways cautiously

in waves

unusual; unfamiliar

to go in a specific direction/ to wind

with longing

marks a period of sudden and unexpected breaks with traditional ways of viewing and interacting with the world

1815 - 1945

WWI advanced weapons killed soldiers and civilians, more casualties than ever before - undermined faith in authorities, traditions, and beliefs

Radios, movies, etc. reshaped daily life - new major cities emerged - new scientific theories changed perceptions of reality and humanity

writers begin to see knowledge as relative and address subconscious motivations

people no longer trusted the world's values and sought new ideas - writers experimented with new approaches and techniques - marked by extreme and turbulent social shifts

Ernest Hemingway -> Cat in the Rain

F. Scott Fitzgerald

James Joyce

T.S. Eliot

Hemingway -> the most important part of the story should lay below the surface so it can shine through (iceberg theory)

literary devices secretly conveyed vital elements of a story

Depicted contemporary social realities and the lives and everyday activities of ordinary people

1865- 1900

after the civil war Americans were less optimistic

America's population grew rapidly - science, industry, and transportation expanded - the frontier changed

new writers rejected romanticism and transcendentalism whose ideas were irrelevant and out of date

sought to render common people and ordinary life accurately - complex ordinary people > heroes and villains

sought to present life objectively and accurately - used detached narration

focused on sharp contrasts in society - captains of industry vs immigrants and laborers

showed the daily struggles of ordinary people

a mid 19th century movement encouraging people to transcend to a higher spiritual level

1836 - 1865

Immanuel Kant

reaction to contemporary society

Hinduism and Budism

nature

God is in everything

nature is sacred and the source of truth

humans are inherently good

individuality > conformity

intuition > logic/learned reason

created a unique American literature - elevated essays and nature writings

Social reform starts w/ the individual

all for abolition and women's rights

education institutions must be reformed

Ralph Waldo Emerson -> Nature and Self-Reliance - Father of transcendentalism

Henry David Thoreau -> Walden, battle of the Ants, Civil disobedience

Walt Whitman -> leaves of Grass, A noiseless patient Spider - Father of Free Verse

A form of romanticism focusing on the macabre and perverse aspects of human nature, characterized by dark elements such as gloomy settings and disturbed characters

Mystery, terror, madness, secrets, blood, death, curses, pain, cruelty

dark castles, haunted mansions, cemeteries, dungeons, dark, stormy nights, clouds and winds

demons and angels, ghosts, the devil, maniacs and madmen, magicians, villains, tyrants, vampires, werewolves, monsters

goths were ancient Germanic warrior tribes called barbarians - French style Medieval architecture was viewed as barbaric by Italians and called Gothic - the literal setting and mood of dark medieval castles gave Gothic literature its name

Edgar Allan Poe -> The Black Cat

Washington Irving -> The Devil and Tom Walker

Nathaniel Hawthorne -> Legend of Sleepy Hollow

1764 - 1832

Emphasized emotions over reason and power

1820 - 1865 (civil war)

Thomas Chatterton -> celebrity

William Wordsworth charmed England with poetry

Fransisco Goya -> The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters

jean Jacques Rousseau idealizes children's goodness

Goethe -> The Sorrows of Young Werther

Emphasis on imagination and emotions

Intuition > reason/calculation

imagination > intellect

Innocence in uncorrupted by society

inspiratin > rationalism

inner experience > second hand knowledge

emphasized supernatural/spiritual nostalgia

light and dark side

short stories, poems, essays, travelogues, "penny press"

Edgar Allan Poe -> The Black Cat, Annabel lee, The Rave, The Fall of the House

Washington Irving -> Rip Van Winkle

Nathaniel Hawthorne -> Legend of Sleepy Hollow

A period characterized by a change away from traditional religious sources of authority and a move toward science and rational thought

Mid 1600s to the end of the 1700s

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes are the Fathers of the Enlightenment

Early scientists = philosphers

Newton created calculus and discovered laws of motion and gravity

Distrusted the mythical and mysterious

human reason was glorified (logic and reason can solve issues)

faith in senses (empiricism)

sense of ntionalism

belief in progress through education

belief in basic human goodness

God created the universe but is not involved (deism)

political documents, autobiographies, speeches, pamphlets, tracts

Benjamin Franklin -> Poor Richard's Almanac

Thomas Jefferson -> Declaration fo Independence

Samuel Adams -> constitution

Patrick Henry -> speech to the second virginia convention

Thomas Paine -> Common Sense

World can be understood and explained

nature is governed by laws

Cause and Effect - there is a rational explanation for each natural phenomenon