What distinguishes the findings of Dalton from the findings of Democritus?
Dalton proved experimentally that atoms exist whereas Democritus believed in them.
List the seven SI base units.
length - meters (m)
time - second (s)
amount of substance - mole (mol)
electric current - ampere (A)
temperature - kelvin (K)
Luminous intensity - candela (cd)
Mass - kilogram (kg)
Name a unit of measure that is smaller than a gram.
?
How many meters are in a millimeter?
0.001 m = 1 mm
In which phase are the molecules of a sample held rigidly together?
The solid phase is the phase in which molecules are held rigidly together.
The graph represents the heating of water in a pot. At 150 seconds, the water has just reached a boil. If the heat is left on, what will happen to the temperature and volume of water in the pot? (All temperatures in °C.)
The temp will remain constant and the volume of the water will go down over time.
What happens to the volume of a balloon if you put a balloon inside of a vacuum chamber and decrease the pressure around the balloon?
If the pressure around the balloon decreases then the volume of the balloon will increase.
According to Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. What does this mean will happen to volume as pressure goes up?
According to Boyle's law, as pressure goes up, volume goes down.
What is the relationship between the temperature of a gas and the kinetic energy of the particles of the gas?
The higher the temperature of the gas, the higher the kinetic energy of the molecules of that gas.
What are the basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory?
- gases are comprised of large numbers of particles
- the volume of gas particles in a sample are extremely small
- attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are negligible
- energy can be transferred between molecules during collisions
- the average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the temp of the sample
- gases that conform to these assumptions are called ideal gases
How many protons and electrons does an aluminum ion have?
protons: 13
electrons: 10
Describe the types of atoms that form a:
a. Covalent bond b. Ionic bond c. Metallic bond
a. covalent: two non metals
b. ionic: metal and non metal
c. metallic: two metals
What family of the periodic table to each of the following belong to?
a. K b. Cr c. F d. Kr
a. alkai metal
b. transition metal
c. halogen
d. noble gas
Name the charges that the following atoms will form an ion.
a. Na b. Ca c. Al d. P e. S f. Cl
a. Na+
b. Ca2+
c. Al3+
d. P3-
e. S2-
f. Cl-
What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium ions and chlorate ions?
Ca(Cl3)2
What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by strontium and bromine?
Sr Br2
What is the correct name for NH4 PO4 ?
ammonium phosphate
Consistent with iron being a transition metal, the name for FeSO4 should be what?
iron (II) sulfate
the chemical formula for molybdenum(I) phosphate is what?
Mo3 PO4
Which is the correct name for the compound P2 O3 ?
diphosphorus trioxide
What is the correct formula for dinitrogen tetroxide?
N2 O4
In this equation, which are the reactant(s)?
Sr(s) + O2 (g) → SrO(s)
reactants: Sr (s) + O2 (g)
Which type of reaction can be recognized by the general pattern?
A+BX ----> AX+B
single replacement
Which type of reaction is Al + O2 → Al2 O3 ?
synthesis
What are the correct coefficients when this equation is balanced?
Sb + O2 → Sb4 O6
4 Sb + 3 O2 ---> Sb4O6
Which are the product(s) of this chemical reaction? FeCl3 + NH4 OH →
FeCl3 + NH4 OH →Fe (OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Fe3+ Cl- NH4+ OH-
Which region is referred to as the s-block on the diagram?
A
Which region contains elements with six valence electrons?
The column with 7 valence electrons isn't labeled
What does the modern periodic law state?
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Which element has the electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 ?
Calcium (Ca)
which is the correct electron configuration for the element Manganese (Mn)?
Mn 25 e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
Which element has the following electron configuration?
[Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 5
iodine (I)
keeping in mind that the cutoff in electronegativity difference between a covalent and and ionic bond is 1.67,
a. H2 O b. Li2 O
a. covalent bond types
b. ionic bond type
What happens to the valence electrons during the formation of an ionic bond? Or a covalent bond?
In an ionic bond, one or more valence electrons from one atom (the less electronegative one) are tranferred to the other atom (the more electronegative one).
Explain the connection between the type of intermolecular force (hydrogen bonding, dipole-diple forces, or London dispersion forces) and the strength of the intermolecular forces. A sample of molecules with which type of force is expected to have the lowest boiling point? Explain your answer.
Hydrogen bonding strongest higher bp
dipole-dipole forces
London dispersion forces weakest lowest bp
Describe London dispersion forces.
A nonpolar molecule forms a temporary dipole, which, increases a dipole is a nearby nonpolar molecule.
Explain why ice is less dense than water and therefore floats on water. Use a diagram if you want.
When liquid water freezes to ice, the positive end of the water molecule aligns with the negative end of a neighboring water molecule. Because the water molecule has a bent shape, there are big spaces in ice, making it less dense than water.
In the case of kool aid dissolved in water, name the solute, solvent, and solution.
Solute - powdered kool aid
solvent - water
solution - kool aid disovled in water
List the factors that affect the rate of solution of a solid in a liquid.
- temperature
- stirring
- surface area of solute
As shown in the following graph, the quantity of solute per 100g of water at a temperature of 50°C for NaNO3 will be ________.
120g solute per 100g of H2O
Which has molecules with more kinetic energy, ice or liquid water?
molecules of liquid water have more kinetic energy than molecules of ice.
Is the following reaction endothermic or exothermic? CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(g) ΔH= -890.4 KJ
Because △H is negative, it is exothermic