Parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
Pupils constricted, heart slower, stomach contracts (More GI motility), lungs reduce oxygen contracts.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or flight
Pupils Dilate, Heart beats faster, lung increase oxygen, stomach contracts slow
Cholinergic Drugs
Enhance Parasympathetic system
Anticholinergic
Inhibits Parasympathetic system
Antihistamines - 1st Gen
Diphenhydramine, Promethazine
They are CNS depressants
Can't take with other CNS depressants, No alcohol and no OTC Meds
2nd Gen Antihistamines
Fexofenadine, Loratadine,
Contraindications for Antihistamines
Glaucoma, BPH,
(Due to urinary retention and intraocular pressure)
If patient is taking antihistamines, what should you tell them to do
drink more water due to it causing dry mouth and make sure you take with food due to it causing stomach discomfort
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zileuton
When is it the best time to take Leukotriene
Once a day in the evening
What are side effect for Leukotriene Drugs
Liver disfunction, do not give with rifampin,
patient needs to report loss of appetite (weight loss), jaundice and abdominal pain
Decongestants
Nasal Corticosteroids: Fluticasone
all steroid increase blood glucose level, check for any fungal infections (oral thrush)
Sympathomimetic: Oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine,
(Do not take more than 3-5 days due to it causing rebound contestant) , can cause tachycardia
Side effects for Pseudoephedrine
Dysrhythmia, rebound congestion if overused or used more than 3-5 days.
More common route for a Bronchodilators
Inhaler
Short Acting Beta2 Agonists (SABA)
First of tx for asthma attack; suffix -buterol
Albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol
(if pt states they feel like they about to have a heart attack you let them know it is normal they cause tachycardia)
Never give Beta Blockers (propanol) to a client who has asthma or MAOIs (
They can have an increase in blood pressure
Los acting Beta2 agonists (LABAs)
arformterol, formoterol, salmeterol
they take time to take affects, several hours.
Xanthines (Methylxanthines)
Theophylline, Aminophylline
S/S: Seizures, Tachycardia, Dysrhythmias,
Corctiosteriods for tx of asthma
Beclomethasone, Fluticasone,
S/S: Weight gain, water retention, high blood sugar, oral candidiasis,
Mucolytics
Guaifenesin, Acetylcysteine
can not give to children under the age of 6
Antiitussives
it is for tx of cough
Antitussives
Codeine (Controlled), Benzonatate, Dextromethorphan
Makes pt sleepy they cannot drive, can't give Codeine to a pt that has emphysema,
causes RR depression, constipation
1 pound is how many oz?
16oz