Where can you find the cell bodies of the ganglionic neurons?
autonomic ganglia
Where is the integrative center for autonomic activity located?
hypothalamus
What is the effector of the somatic nervous system pathway?
skeletal muscle
Where are the cell bodies of the upper motor neurons located?
in the primary motor cortex of the cerebrum
How many neurons comprise the somatic nervous system pathway?
two
What neuron runs from the CNS to the autonomic ganglion?
Preganglionic neuron
Which spinal region LACKS autonomic preganglionic neurons?
cervical
The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is __________.
true for both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic innervation originates in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord. What part of the autonomic nervous system is represented by this statement?
Sympathetic Divison
Which of the following effectors is supplied by neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia?
Intestine
_________________, except the adrenal medulla, is/are supplied with neurons that synapse in the collateral ganglia.
Abdominopelvic organs
Which of the following is NOT supplied by cervical sympathetic chain ganglia?
Spleen
Sympathetic ganglionic neurons are found is all of these locations EXCEPT:
intramural ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the __________ horn of the __________ cord.
lateral; thoracolumbar
Which response is not part of sympathetic activation?
decreased muscle tone
Which of these neurotransmitters is NOT released at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions?
epinephrine
Which of these is not an action of the sympathetic nervous system?
to constrict the pupils
Which of these substances is not a neurotransmitter at a sympathetic effector synapse?
gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Which of the following target organs will have its parasympathetic regulation impacted by damage to the sacral region of the spinal cord?
urinary bladder
Where are the parasympathetic ganglionic synapses for the heart located?
within the heart itself
Parasympathetic outflow is ABSENT in which of these?
cervical ganglia
Which nerves contain the most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?
vagus nerve
The parasympathetic nervous system releases __________ at ganglionic synapses, and _________ at its neuroeffector junctions.
acetylcholine; acetylcholine
Nicotine, the highly addictive plant toxin, activates nicotinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system. This means it will __________.
facilitate synaptic transmission at all autonomic ganglionic synapses
Which of these organs do NOT receive parasympathetic input?
skin
At which of the following synapses is epinephrine secreted?
Postganglionic neurons within sympathetic ganglia of the adrenal medulla
Which of these is NOT a similarity between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?
Both use norepinephrine
The statement "it controls heart rate" is true ________________.
for both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system
Which of these organs do NOT receive dual innervation?
sweat glands