their adaption to habitat change
thích nghi của chúng đối với thay đổi về môi trường sống
are found across the trophic
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southern hemisphere continents
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except Australia
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but nowhere do the display such a richness of diversity and form as in Australia
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one-sixth
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the world's parrot species
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are found there
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has long been renowned for
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the number and variety of its parrots
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16th century
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cartographer
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made a world map that
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included a place
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somewhere near
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present-day Australia
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that he named...
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the land of...
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first European settlers in Australia
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often
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referred to the country as parrot land
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the celebrated British naturalist
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wildlife artist
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no group of birds
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gives Australia so tropical
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benign an air as numerous species of...
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great family
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which it is tenanted
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descendant
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an ancient line
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due to
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great diversity
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most species
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inhabit Africa
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it seems almost certain
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originated
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millions of years ago
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ancient southern continent
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broke up into
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the seperate southern hemisphere continents
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we know today
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much of Gondwana
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comprised
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vast rainforests
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intersected by
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huge
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slow-flowing rivers
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expansive lakes
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but by...
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eight millions years ago
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great changes
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underway
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center
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continent
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had begin to
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dry out
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rainforests that once...
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covered it
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gradually contracted to...
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the continental margins
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to a limited extent
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still exist today
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creatures
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remained in
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shrinking rainforests
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had to
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adapt to
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the drier conditions
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face extinction
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reacting to
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desperate circumstances
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parrot family
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typically found in
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jungles
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in other parts of the world
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has populated
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some of the...
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harshest's environments
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spread from
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ancestral forest
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through
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eucalypt woodlands
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conlonies
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central deserts
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as a consequences
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diversified into
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a wide range of species
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adaptations
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reflect
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the many changes
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animals and plants
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had to
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make to
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survive in
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evolutionary pressures
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helped
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mould keratin
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substance
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from which
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breaks are made into a range of tools
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capable of
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gathering the new food types
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favoured by
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various species of parrot
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short
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blunt beak
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length
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do curved
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upper section
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are related to
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the type of food
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each species
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eat
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comparatively long beaks
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extracting seeds from fruit
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broader and stronger beaks
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are designed for
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cracking hard seeds
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differently shaped beaks
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the only adaptions
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that have been made
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during the developing relationship
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food plants
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like all of australia's many...
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honey eating birds
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the rainbow coloured lorikeets
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the flowers on which
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they feed
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long coevolved with
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features
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such as
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the shape and the color of flowers
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adapted to
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particular needs
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physical a example
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most attractive colour to birds
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and thus
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depend on birds for...
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pollination
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are more often red
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collect as much pollens as possible
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most of...
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inhabit woodland and open forest
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their numbers decline towards both deserts and wetter areas
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the majority are nomadic
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to some degree
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moving around
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take advantage of
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feeding and breeding places
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two of the...
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dry country parrots
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pink and grey
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galah
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corella
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have expanded their ranges
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in recent years
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are among the speicies
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have adapted well to
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brought about
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Eropean settlement forest
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telling
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thrive
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other parrot species did not fare so well
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when their environments were altered
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the clearing
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large areas of rainforest
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is probably
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responsible for
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disappearance
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double-eye fig parrot
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ground parrots
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