Microbiology Lecture Exam 3 Review Flashcards

The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because

Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because of their resistance to

An infection of a hair follicle at the base of an eyelid is called a

One feature that differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci is its

Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus can resist penicillin because they produce

Which of the following is a complication that may result from a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection?

Impetigo can be caused by

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by

The common name for a furuncle is

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by

A specific wavelength of blue light can be used to treat

Cat scratch disease is caused by

Anthrax derives its name from which of the following aspects of the disease?

The resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide variety of antimicrobial drugs is due, in part, to its

Petechiae are subcutaneous hemorrhages associated with which of the following?

Transovarian transmission is a process by which

What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

"Pox" is a term synonymous with which of the following?

Smallpox was the first human disease to be

Clostridium perfringens is a strict anaerobe that is a common environmental contaminant and
consequently of wounds due to its ability to

Acyclovir is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the same virus that causes

Common skin warts are the result of infection with

Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

Which of the following can cause birth defects?

Which of the following is becoming rarer as a result of childhood vaccinations?

"Ringworm" is caused by

Ultraviolet illumination is the quickest way to diagnose infections of which of the following?

Sporotrichosis is more commonly known as

A man is suffering severe foot pain in the area of what looks like a large wart. He reports he
has had the wart for some time, and the pain and swelling have developed slowly. A sample from
the lesion shows that the pus contains large cells that stain a golden brown color. The man is
likely suffering from

A child complains of intensely itchy "pimples" on the hands and wrists. The lesions are small
inflamed streaks, but do not appear to contain pus. The child's condition may be the result of
infection with

Which of the following forms of leishmaniasis is typically fatal?

A small puncture wound on a woman's arm has become swollen, hot to the touch, and
intensely painful. There is tissue necrosis, but it is not "gassy," and under the microscope Grampositive cocci in chains are present. Which of the following microbes is likely to be responsible?

A pigment produced by an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to tissue damage is

Which of the following is/are anti-phagocytic?

Which of the following bacterial pathogens is an intracellular parasite?

The rash described as "teardrops on rose petals" is characteristic of

A child has a rash on the face, arms, upper legs and torso that is splotchy, and intensifies
after being in the sun. The child does not complain of fever or itchiness. The signs and symptoms
are consistent with

A sample from an abscess is stained and examined under the microscope. A Gram stain
appears uniformly pink, but a GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) stain reveals brownish
filaments in the sample. These findings suggest

Clostridium perfringens causes necrotizing fasciitis.

M protein is a virulence factor associated with group A streptococci.

Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii

Because they are common soil saprobes, dermatophytes are fungi that are not contagious in
humans.

Chromoblastomycosis is rarely a severe disease and can be treated easily with appropriate
drugs

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is fatal in 100% of untreated cases.

Smallpox vaccination was originally discontinued in the 1980s because of adverse effects of
the vaccine.

Herpesvirus infections can be controlled with chemotherapeutic agents.

In pregnant women, roseola infection can result in teratogenic birth defects

Pityriasis' characteristic appearance is the result of a fungal infection causing changes in the
production of melanin.

Which of the following statements concerning viruses is FALSE?

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

During the intracellular state, a virus exists as

Viruses are primarily classified according to their

Host specificity of a virus is due to

Who was the first person to demonstrate the existence of viruses?

How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms?

Which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure?

Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage?

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is true?

Which of the following statements comparing virus classification and taxonomy of
organisms is true?

Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages:
I. Synthesis
II. Assembly
III. Attachment
IV. Release
V. Entry

Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial
cell?

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection
cycle?

The phenomenon of transduction is associated with which of the stages of a bacteriophage
infection cycle?

Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but
NOT in the lysogenic cycle?

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage back to a
lytic phage?

Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques.
Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacterial cultures infected with bacteriophage. What
type of viral infection might cause this appearance?

Which of the following is matched INCORRECTLY?

Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following?

The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA?

Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to
be replicated?

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of
the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope?

The majority of cases of infant diarrhea are caused by what kind of virus?

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda phage prophage?

Which of the following individuals discovered prions?

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory
sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be
involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called

Plaque assays are used for

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Viroids infect

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

The infectious particles of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore
similar to

A lipid membrane is present

Double-stranded RNA genomes can be found

Cytoplasm is a characteristic of

Proteins are present in

Viruses are shed slowly and steadily during

During __________, viruses remain dormant in a cell.

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in a(n) __________ infection.

Virus infection results in cancer in the process of

is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses.

Viruses cause most human cancers.

Most viruses cannot be seen by light microscopy.

Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack.

Many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking capsids.

Bacteriophages are cheaper and easier to culture than animal viruses.

Assembly of new viruses is a process that usually requires the direction of a variety of viral
and cellular enzymes

Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time.

Poxvirus is assembled in the cytoplasm of the cell instead of in the nucleus, as is the case for
the majority of dsDNA viruses.

Transcription of RNA from RNA does not occur in uninfected cells.

Virus vaccines are always cultured in embryonated chicken eggs

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

Mutualism is a relationship

Figure 14.1 represents a Petri dish with a fungus (F), shown in darker gray, growing in the midst
of bacterial lawn (B), shown in light gray. Both microbes were from the same patient sample.
The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described as

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in the nasal cavity of healthy
people. If inhaled into the lungs, however, it may cause pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus is
best described as

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which
type of exposure does this represent?

Symptoms are

The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________
with microbes that become established as their microbiota.

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?

Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is
FALSE?

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal
microbiota?

Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic
pathogens?

Which of the following is a fungus and is considered part of the normal human microbiome?

A toxin common to most Gram-negative bacteria is

Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase,
hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to
invade the body?

Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe?

Which of the following is an example of vehicle transmission?

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Which of the following is a sign of disease?

Which of the following is a symptom of disease?

Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________

A syringe is used for multiple patients, one of whom has hepatitis B. The syringe is not
properly sterilized, resulting in possible ________ transmission.

A person is exposed to fungus and develops an infection. No one taking care of him/her
becomes ill, suggesting the infection is a ________ disease.

) In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza ("swine
flu") in the United States. By the end of the year millions of people had been infected. The
pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a(n) ________ disease.

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases.
This means

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to
produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen
lost?

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010
earthquake. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission

The person known to history as "Typhoid Mary" was identified by public health officials as a
source of typhoid fever, although she reported she had never had typhoid fever. Which of the
following is the most accurate description of her in this scenario?

Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.

Fomites are

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of a disease process?

People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than
those who do not. This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

A patient developed a blood infection after a dental procedure which resulted in bleeding
gums. The patient has

Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation?

A pathogen is best described as

Microbes known as transient microbiota are

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly. What measures might be taken by
public health agencies to stop the spread?

Commensalism is best described as a(n)

The condition called parasitism is characterized as a(n)

An axenic environment is one

The condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as

A reservoir is

In commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other.

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the bod

A syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular
disease.

All diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness.

Microbial contamination always results in infection.

Hepatitis C is an acute disease

Biofilms provide an alternative means for bacteria to attach to surfaces within the body.

People in the incubation stage of a disease may be a reservoir of the agent.

Koch's postulates can be applied to every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen.

All infections result in disease.