Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq)
technique for sequencing DNA near specific restriction enzyme sites, rather than sequencing the whole genome.
genome-wide association study (GWAS)
surveys markers (points of variation) across the genome and highlights those markers for which variation seems to segregate with the phenotype of interest.
scaffold
Stretch of dna sequence
Synteny
refer to the location of one or more genes near each other (and often in the same order) on one chromosome, across two or more species.
Linkage disequilibrium
tendency of nearby, linked regions of DNA to be inherited together.
haplotype
block of genetic variants (usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms) that is inherited together
synthetic lethal alleles
single mutants are viable, but the double mutant dies
Penetrance
percentage of individuals with a given
genotype (allele) who
show the associated phenotype. (variable phenotypic expression across individuals)
Expressivity
degree to which an individual with a given genotype (allele) shows the associated phenotype. Expressivity refers to the intensity of the phenotype. (variable phenotypic expression within individuals)