Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in
the 1950s?
a. science and technology drove economic
growth.
b. there were fewer jobs in the military-related
aerospace industry.
c. white collar workers were surpassing blue
collar workers in numbers.
d. labor unions reached a peak and
then began to decline.
e. job opportunities were opening to women
in the white collar work force.
B
Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower's vice-presidential
running mate in 1952 as a concession to the
a.
isolationists.
b. liberal Republicans.
c. hard-line
anticommunists.
d. moderate Republicans.
e. southern Republicans
C
During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight
Eisenhower declared that he would __________ to help to end the Korean
War.
a. use atomic weapons
b. blockade the China coast and
bomb Manchuria
c. open negotiations with Mao Zedong
d. order
United Nations troops to invade North Korea
e. personally go to Korea
E
In terms of politics, television did all of the following
except
a. threaten the traditional role of political
parties.
b. apply the standards of show business and
commercialism to political messages.
c. enable political parties
to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the
electorate.
d. allow lone-wolf politicians to address voters
directly.
e. encourage reliance on short slogans and sound bites.
C
Dwight Eisenhower's greatest asset as president was his
a. vast
military experience.
b. willingness to take a partisan
stand.
c. commitment to social justice.
d. willingness to
involve himself in rough campaigning.
e. enjoyment of the
affection and respect of the American people
E
Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the
a. most
effective.
b. first Republican.
c. only true World War II
hero.
d. one who most damaged free speech and fair play.
e.
one who organized a national movement.
D
The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower=s
strongest commitment during his presidency was to
a. social
justice.
b. social harmony.
c. party loyalty.
d. racial
desegregation.
e. political reform.
B
In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks,
President Eisenhower
a. publicly denounced him only after he
attacked General George Marshall.
b. quietly encouraged him to
continue his attacks on Democrats.
c. publicly opposed his
ruthless tactics but privately enjoyed his personal charm.
d.
allowed him to control personnel policy at the State
Department.
e. privately supported him but publicly kept his distance.
D
Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by
a.
revealing that Communist spies were passing atomic secrets to the
Soviet Union.
b. charging that there was extensive Communist
influence in Hollywood and the media.
c. asserting that General
George Marshall was part of a vast Communist conspiracy within
the
U.S. Army.
d. mobilizing Republicans to demand a
stronger anticommunist foreign policy in East Asia.
e. charging
that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.
E
As a result of Senator McCarthy=s crusade against communist
subversion in America,
a. the FBI was shown to have had several
spies working as communist agents.
b. the United States Army was
forced to give dishonorable discharges to more than one
hundred
officers.
c. the State Department lost a number of Asian
specialists who might have counseled a wiser
course in
Vietnam.
d. Eisenhower nearly lost the Republican presidential
nomination in 1956.
e. the U.S. achieved a stronger settlement in Korea.
C
Senator McCarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he
a. began
to attack the personal integrity of his critics.
response to
Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks, President
Eisenhower
b. alleged that there were communists in
Hollywood.
c. alleged that there were communists in the Foreign
Service.
d. alleged that many college professors were
communists.
e. alleged that there were communists in the army.
E
The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African
American community after 1945 was especially generated by
a. he
growing moral criticism of segregation by white church
leaders.
b. the gap between American ideals and racial practices
revealed by World War II.
c. the appointment of Thurgood
Marshall, chief legal counsel of the NAACP, to the Supreme
Court.
d. Dwight Eisenhower's commitment to civil rights. e. the
agitation of A. Philip Randolph.
B
In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that
they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods
except
a. economic boycotts.
b. legal attacks on
underpinnings of segregation in the courts.
c. appeals to foreign
governments to pressure the United States to establish racial
justice.
d. mobilization of black churches on behalf of black
rights.
e. use of the nonviolent tactics of Mohandas Gandhi.
C
Which one of the following is least related to the other
three?
a. nonviolent direct action.
b. Martin Luther King,
Jr.
c. Rosa Parks
d. Montgomery bus boycott
e. Orval Faubus
E
The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the
1950s because
a. the Court was the only branch of government with
the Constitutional authority to do so.
b. the courts were
dominated by New Deal liberals.
c. President Eisenhower had
requested the Court=s assistance.
d. Congress and the presidency
had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands
off
the issue.
e. the Constitution clearly prohibited any segregation.
D
In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka, the Supreme Court unconstitutional.
a. declared that the
concept of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites
was
b. upheld its earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
c.
rejected desegregation.
d. supported the Declaration of
Constitutional Principles issued by Congress.
e. ordered
immediate and total integration of all American schools.
A
The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school
systems Ainherently unequal was
a. Roe v. Wade.
b. Plessy v.
Ferguson.
c. Sweatt v. Painter.
d. Johnson v. Little Rock
School District.
e. Brown v. Board of Education.
E
On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower
a. had
demanded the integration of the armed forces as early as 1948.
b.
publicly endorsed the 1954 Supreme Court school desegregation
decision.
c. vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
d. had
advised against integrating the armed forces.
e. admired the
Christian philosophy of Martin Luther King.
D
President Dwight Eisenhower's attitude toward racial justice can best
be described as
a. not inclined toward promoting
integration.
b. very supportive of racial integration.
c.
endorsing the concept of using laws to compel people to change their
opinions and actions.
d. supporting racial justice over social
harmony.
e. strictly adhering to the philosophy of states= rights.
A
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth
of the
a. antiwar movement of the 1960s.
b. black power
movement of the 1960s.
c. ban-the-bomb movement of the
1950s.
d. Civil Rights Act of 1957.
e. A sit-in movement
launched by young southern blacks.
E
As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported
a. putting the brakes
on military spending.
b. the abolition of the Social Security
system.
c. the dismissal of his secretary of health, education,
and welfare for condemning free
distribution on the Salk polio
vaccine as Asocialized medicine.
d. the continuation of the
Tennessee Valley Authority.
e. a stronger voice for organized labor.
A
President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his
administration as
a. the Fair Deal.
b. the silent
majority.
c. dynamic conservatism.
the subject of racial
justice, President Eisenhower
d. two cars in every
garage.
e. compassionate conservatism.
C
Dwight Eisenhower's policies toward Native Americans included
a.
efforts at tribal preservation.
b. the establishment of tribes as
legal entities.
c. incentives for tribes to hold onto their
land.
d. a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes
Severalty Act of 1887.
e. an emphasis on education and job
training for Indians.
D
The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and
more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was
a. the
interstate highway system
b. the Grand Coulee dam
project.
c. the St. Lawrence seaway.
d. the airport
construction program.
e. the public housing system.
A
During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and
extended the benefits of
a. federal health care programs.
b.
the Tennessee Valley Authority.
c. deficit spending.
d.
racial equality.
e. the Social Security system.
E
As a part of his New Look foreign policy, President
Eisenhower
a. sought an alliance with China.
b. refused to
talk with leaders of the Soviet Union.
c. called for open skies
over both the United States and the Soviet Union.
d. sent help to
the Hungarian freedom fighters.
e. allied with Israel against the
Arab states.
C
As the French fortress of Dienbienphu was about to fall to Ho Chi
Minhs communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower
a. agreed to
send small military units to aid the French.
b. relied on the
advice of Vice President Nixon and Secretary of State Dulles.
c.
sought a compromise settlement at Geneva.
d. refused to permit
any American military involvement.
e. threatened nuclear attack
on the Vietnamese communists.
D
President Eisenhower's New Look foreign policy in the 1950s planned
for
a. the dismantling of the military-industrial
complex.
b. massive new military spending.
c. greater
reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than
on the army
and navy.
d. a buildup of unconventional and
guerrilla-warfare forces.
e. the rapid deployment of the navy and
marines to trouble spots.
C
In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the
Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower
a. sent
money to the rebels.
b. quickly recognized the new Hungarian
government.
c. refused to admit any Hungarian refugees.
d.
gave only outdated military equipment to the Hungarian freedom
fighters.
e. did nothing to help to defeat the communists.
E
The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War
was
a. Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung).
b. Ngo Dinh Diem.
c.
Dienbienphu.
d. Ho Chi Minh.
e. Nguyen Cao Ky.
D
The 1955 Geneva Conference
a. unified the two Vietnams.
b.
made Ngo Dinh Diem president of Vietnam.
c. called for the two
Vietnams to hold national elections within two years. d. created the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
e. established a permanent
division of Vietnam.
C
In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the
American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953
a. began seeking
alternative sources of energy.
b. staged a coup to overthrow the
Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza
Pahlevi as
dictator.
c. engaged in sabotage against pro-Soviet governments
in the region.
d. developed close cooperation with Israeli
intelligence agencies.
e. gathered conclusive evidence of the
Soviets= plans to control Egypt.
B
In 1956 the United States condemned ___________ as the aggressors in
the Suez Canal crisis.
a. Egypt and Jordan
b. the Soviet
Union and Warsaw Pact members
c. Israel and Turkey
d.
Lebanon and Syria
e. Britain and France
E
During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered
pro-American political coups in both
a. Iran and
Guatemala.
b. Iraq and Nicaragua.
c. Lebanon and El
Salvador.
d. Libya and Costa Rica.
e. Egypt and Cuba.
A
The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United
States could
a. use the threat of nuclear war to win
concessions.
b. criticize Israel's foreign policy.
c.
condemn its allies for their actions in the Middle East.
d.
invoke the Eisenhower Doctrine.
e. use its oil weapon to make
foreign policy demands.
E
he 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend
economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help to
resist communist aggression.
a. Southeast Asia
b.
Africa
c. Central and Eastern Europe
d. the Middle
East
e. Latin America
D
During his second term, President Eisenhower
a. no longer
trusted his vice president, Richard Nixon, to lend assistance.
b.
hoped that doing so would enable him to win a third term.
c. took
a more active personal role in governing.
d. believed that the
civil rights movement needed his personal involvement if it were
to
succeed.
e. recognized that only he had the experience to
deal with the Soviets.
C
In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in
1957,
a. Harry Truman condemned the Republicans for allowing a
scientific gap to occur.
b. the federal government began spending
millions of dollars to improve American science and
language
education.
c. the United States spent nearly a decade trying to
equal this achievement.
d. the Republican party took
responsibility for the fact that the United States had fallen
behind
the Soviets in this area of scientific discovery.
e.
scientists blamed Americas slowness on poor math and science education
in the schools.
B
Which of the following is least related to the other four?
a.
the launching of Sputnik
b. Landrum-Griffith Act
c. National
Defense Education Act
d. rocket fever
e. National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
B
The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of
the
a. Suez crisis.
b. Bay of Pigs.
c. Quemoy
episode.
response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union
in 1957,
d. launching of Sputnik.
e. U-2 incident.
E
By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United
States had intensified because Washington had done all of the
following except
a. extend massive aid to Europe and little to
Latin America.
b. continue to intervene in Latin American
affairs.
c. support bloody dictators who claimed to be fighting
communism.
d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro=s communist
government in Cuba.
e. the CIA-directed coup in Guatemala.
D
The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F.
Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
a. his
age.
b. his religion.
c. his televised debates with Richard
M. Nixon.
d. President Eisenhower's heavy loss of popularity in
his last two years in office.
e. his family
C
When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,
a. it was
noted that his second term had produced little of value, since he was
a Alame duck.@
b. Congress was firmly in the hands of the
Republicans.
c. he was unhappy with Vice President Nixon=s
unbending anticommunism.
d. he had clearly lost control of the
Democratic-dominated Congress.
e. he remained an extraordinarily
popular figure.
E
Two postwar American fiction writers who explored the problems and
anxieties of affluence were
a. John Updike and John
Cheever
b. Joseph Heller and Kurt Vonnegut.
c. Tennessee
Williams and Arthur Miller.
d. Ralph Ellison and James
Baldwin.
e. Eudora Welty and Flannery O'Connor.
D
The title of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man refers to
a. an
anticommunist agent who is forced to live underground.
b. a World
War II bomber pilot who is ignored upon his return home.
c. a
victim of nuclear testing who is dying of radiation.
d. a father
who is disrespected by his family.
e. an African American whose
supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man.
E
Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II
can be best described as
a. much more realistic.
b. lower in
quality.
c. more simplistic in nature.
d. less
realistic.
e. more disillusioned.
D
Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II
era
a. actually produced second-rate verse.
b. consisted
mainly of those who wrote before the war.
c. ended their lives
through suicide.
d. left the country to live in Paris.
e.
turned to nature for subject matter.
C