As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President
Roosevelt
a. led a seriously divided nation into the
conflict.
b. endorsed the same kind of government persecution of
German-Americans as Wilson had in World War I.
c. called the
American people to the same kind of idealistic crusade with the same
rhetoric that Wilson had used in World War I.
d. decided to
concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on
hold.
e. declared that the first strategic goal was recovery from
Pearl Harbor.
D
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
a. pass a
conscription law.
b. raise an army and navy.
c. extend aid
to the Soviet Union.
d. develop atomic weapons.
e. retool
its industry for all-out war production.
E
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War
II
a. were further assimilated into American society.
b.
were not allowed to serve in the military.
c. had their
patriotism questioned as in World War I.
d. cast their vote for
Republican candidates opposed to the war.
e. served in ethnically
distinct military units.
A
Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World
War II
a. due to numerous acts of sabotage.
b. in
retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by
the Japanese.
c. as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and
fear.
d. because many were loyal to Japan.
e. all of the above.
C
The minority group most adversely affected by Washington's wartime
policies was
a. German-Americans.
b. blacks.
c.
Japanese-Americans.
d. American communists.
e. Italian-Americans.
C
In the 1800s the Japanese government drove many Japanese farmers off
their land by
a. confiscating property for military
bases.
b. forcing them to work in factories.
c. conscripting
them into the military.
d. imposing a steep land tax.
e.
refusing to let them grow rice.
D
In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the United
States were
a. poorly educated.
b. primarily from the island
of Hokkaido.
c. some of the poorest people to enter the
country.
d. exclusively farmers.
e. select representatives
of their nation.
E
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941,
a.
it took nearly two years for the country to unite.
b. the
conflict soon became an idealistic crusade for democracy.
c. the
government repudiated the Atlantic Charter.
d. a majority of
Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.
e. the
idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant.
D
During World War II, the United States government commissioned the
production of synthetic ____ in order to offset the loss of access to
prewar supplies in East Asia.
a. textiles
b. rubber
c.
tin
d. fuels
e. plastics
B
Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct
function:
A) War Production Board
B) Office of Price
C)
War Labor Board
D) Fair Employment
1. assigned priorities
with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation
2.
controlled inflation by rationing
3. imposed ceilings on wage
increases
4. saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices
were used against blacks seeking employment in war industries
a. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
b. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
c. A-2,
B-4, C-3, D-1
d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
e. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
B
While American workers, on the whole, were committed to the war
effort, several unions went on strike. The most prominent was
the
a. Teamsters.
b. Amalgamated Meat Packers.
c.
Longshoremen.
d. United Mine Workers.
e. Industrial Workers
of the World.
D
During World War II,
a. labor unions declared a self-imposed
moratorium on strikes.
b. unions actively combated racial
discrimination.
c. farm production declined.
d. for security
reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily
halted.
e. labor unions substantially increased their membership.
E
The employment of more than six million women in American industry
during World War II led to
a. equal pay for men and
women.
b. a greater percentage of American women in war
industries than anywhere else in the world.
c. the establishment
of day-care centers by the government.
d. a reduction in
employment for black males.
e. a strong desire of most women to
work for wages.
C
The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor
force at the end of WW II was
a. union demands.
b. employer
demands that they quit.
c. male discrimination on the
job.
d. government requirements to hire veterans.
e. family obligations.
E
African-Americans did all of the following during World War II
except
a. fight in integrated combat units.
b. rally behind
the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and
racism at home).
c. move north and west in large numbers.
d.
form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial
Equality.
e. serve in the Army Air Corps.
A
Which one of the following is least related to the other
three?
a. Smith-Connally Act
b. A. Philip Randolph
c.
Fair Employment Practices Commission
d. racial discrimination in
wartime industry
e. proposed "Negro March on Washington."
A
Big-government intervention received its greatest boost from
a.
the New Deal.
b. World War II.
c. the Depression.
d.
World War I.
e. the Cold War.
B
The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World
War II because
a. the southern system of sharecropping was
declared illegal.
b. Latinos had replaced blacks in the work
force.
c. mechanical cotton pickers came into use.
d.
northern cities repealed segregation laws.
e. the South made it
clear that they were not wanted.
C
During World War II, American Indians
a. demanded that President
Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries.
b. rarely
enlisted in the armed forces.
c. moved south to replace
African-American laborers.
d. moved off reservations in large
numbers.
e. promoted recovery of tribal languages.
D
By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States'
African-American community had shifted to
a. Florida and the
Carolinas.
b. southern cities.
c. the Pacific
Northwest.
d. Midwestern small towns.
e. northern cities.
E
The national debt increased most during
a. Franklin Roosevelt's
New Deal.
b. Herbert Hoover's administration.
c. World War
II.
d. World War I.
e. the 1920s.
C
Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through
a.
tariff collections.
b. excise taxes on luxury goods.
c.
raising income taxes.
d. voluntary contributions.
e. borrowing.
E
The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done
by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
a. Leyte
Gulf.
b. the Java Sea.
c. the Coral Sea.
d.
Midway.
e. Iwo Jima.
C
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the
Battle of
a. Leyte Gulf.
b. Bataan and Corregidor.
c.
the Coral Sea.
d. Midway.
e. Guadalcanal.
D
The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to
control much of the Pacific when they
a. failed to take the
Philippines.
b. unsuccessfully attacked the oil-rich Dutch East
Indies.
c. overextended themselves instead of digging in and
consolidating their gains.
d. sent their submarine force on a
suicide mission at the Battle of Midway.
e. attacked Alaska and Australia.
C
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a
strategy of
a. heavy bombing from Chinese air bases.
b.
invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia.
c. fortifying
China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan
"hump."
d. "island hopping" across the South
Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.
e. turning the
Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska.
D
The conquest of _______was especially important, because from there
Americans could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home
islands.
a. Guadalcanal
b. Wake Island
c. New
Guinea
d. Okinawa
e. Guam
E
The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the
following except
a. escorting convoys of merchants'
vessels.
b. organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase
down German U-boats.
c. dropping depth charges from
destroyers.
d. bombing submarine bases.
e. deploying the new
technology of radar.
B
Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942
at the Battle of ____________, after which his fortunes gradually
declined.
a. the Bulge
b. Stalingrad
c. Monte
Cassino
d. Britain
e. El Alamein
B
The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944
because
a. they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would
cripple each other.
b. men and material were needed more urgently
in the Pacific.
c. the Soviet Union requested a delay until it
could join the campaign.
d. they believed that North Africa was
more strategically vital.
e. of British reluctance and lack of
adequate shipping.
E
The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly
by opponents who believed that such surrender would
a. encourage
the enemy to resist as long as possible.
b. be impossible to
obtain.
c. be unacceptable to the Soviets, who had already
suffered terrible casualties.
d. result in an armistice whose
terms would lead to war, much as the Treaty of Versailles had led to
World War II.
e. discourage anti-Hitler resisters in Germany.
A
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill announced at their
wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was
to
a. destroy the last remnants of European imperialism.
b.
promote the national independence of all European nations.
c.
contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union.
d. force the
unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan.
e. create an
effective postwar Atlantic alliance.
D
Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order:
(A)
Potsdam, (B) Casablanca, (C) Teheran.
a. A, B, C
b. C, B,
A
c. B, C, A
d. B, A, C
e. A, C, B
C
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E
Day, (C) D Day, (D) Invasion of Italy.
a. D, C, B, A
b. A,
C, B, D
c. B, D, A, C
d. C, A, D, B
e. A, D, B, C
A
The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943
was
a. a modification of the demand for unconditional surrender
of Italy.
b. the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional
surrender.
c. the swift Allied conquest of the Italian
peninsula.
d. a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower
over the invasion of the Italian mainland.
e. the threat of a
Communist takeover of the Italian government.
B
After the Italian surrender in August 1943,
a. the Allies found
it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy.
b. the Soviets
accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing
the second front in Italy.
c. the British demanded the
restoration of the monarchy in Italy.
d. the Americans withdrew
from Italy to prepare for D-Day.
e. the German army poured into
Italy and stalled the Allied advance.
E
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been
that it
a. delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet
Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.
b. prevented the
rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war.
c. enabled
the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic
demands.
d. enabled the United States to prevent Austria and
Greece from falling into Soviet hands.
e. destroyed the monastery
of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures.
A
At the wartime Teheran Conference,
a. the Soviet Union agreed to
declare war on Japan within three months.
b. the Big Three allies
agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones.
c.
the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European
nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war.
d. plans
were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.
e. it was
agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations.
D
The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in
Europe was commanded by General
a. George Patton.
b. Dwight
Eisenhower.
c. Douglas MacArthur.
d. Bernard
Montgomery.
e. Omar Bradley.
B
In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at
the Democratic Convention in 1944 because
a. so much attention
was focused on who would gain the vice presidency.
b. he remained
in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war.
c. poor health prevented
him from taking an active role.
d. the issue of a fourth term was
prominent.
e. Vice President Henry Wallace controlled the convention.
A
Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because
a.
Republican Thomas E. Dewey favored an international organization for
world peace.
b. labor unions turned out for Roosevelt.
c.
Harry Truman was his running mate.
d. questions arose regarding
Thomas E. Dewey's honesty.
e. the war was going well.
E
Action by the United States against Adolf Hitler's campaign of
genocide against the Jews
a. was reprehensibly slow in
coming.
b. included the admission of large numbers of Jewish
refugees into the United States.
c. involved the bombing of rail
lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps.
d. was slow
in coming, because the United States did not know about the death
camps until near the end of the war.
e. was a major reason the
U.S. fought World War II.
A
As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf,
a. Japan stalled an
Allied victory.
b. Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey
lost his first naval engagement.
c. Japan was nearly able to take
Australia.
d. the United States could bomb Japan from land
bases.
e. Japan was finished as a naval power.
E
The Potsdam conference
a. determined the fate of Eastern
Europe.
b. brought France and China in as part of the "Big
Five.
c. concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in
the Pacific.
d. was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with
Churchill and Stalin.
e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to
surrender or be destroyed.
E
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was
spurred by the belief that
a. a nuclear weapon was the only way
to win the war.
b. the Germans might acquire such a weapon
first.
c. the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of
their own.
d. scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to
the war effort.
e. the American public would not tolerate the
casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan.
E
The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was
modified by
a. assuring the Japanese that there would be no
"war crimes" trials.
b. guaranteeing that defeated
Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers.
c.
agreeing not to drop more than two atomic bombs on Japan.
d.
agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the
throne.
e. permitting the Japanese to retain a strong army but no
real navy.
D
Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American
participation in World War II?
a. a group of highly effective
military and political leaders
b. an enormously effective effort
in producing weapons and supplies
c. a higher percentage of
military casualties than any other Allied nation
d. the
preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction
from the air
e. the maintenance and re-affirmation of the
strength of American democracy
C