what is the approximate gait speed of a normal young adult?
1.46 m/s
what are the three requirements for successful locomotion?
progression, postural control, adaptation
what portion of the single limb cycle is spent in the stance phase for an adult?
60%
the time between 2 ipsilateral foot strikes is known as the?
stride length
how does step length change when walking velocity increases?
step length will increase
children with cerebral palsy will have various gate patterns. which gait pattern will kids diagnosed with cerebral palsy exhibit more than others?
diplegic
the distance from one foot to the other foot strike is known as the?
step length
what components are apart of the single-support phase?
terminal swing
in which gait pattern will the patient have the INability to dorsiflex the foot?
neuropathic
how is normal gait altered in the absence of sensory information?
stepping patterns are slow and stereotypical
research with animals has indicated that this structure in the brain is needed to negotiate obstacles during locomotion?
parietal cortex
what portion of the single limb cycle is spent during the swing phase for the adult?
40%
which of the following muscles need to be activated to control forward motion of the head, arm, and trunk segments?
hip extensors
what 2 components of the stance phase account for 40% of the phase?
midstance, terminal stance
what is the mean cadence (step frequency) of a normal adult?
112.5 steps/min
the loss of selective recruitment of physiologically antagonistic muscles describes?
cocontraction
how do individuals with vestibular deficits differ from normal subjects when walking?
impaired gaze stability
which of the following muscle groups play an important role in attaining adequate step width?
hip abductors
the inability to modulate a muscle's activity throughout the gait cycle is a manifestation of?
impaired programming
which muscle contracture would be likely to cause increased demands on the quadriceps muscle to control the knee?
knee flexor contracture
what is the minimum amount of dorsiflexion required to produce a smooth progression over the supporting foot during the stance phase of gait?
5 degrees
the crouched gait pattern seen in children with spastic cerebral palsy is most likely due to?
hamstring spasticity
what type of joint contracture will most likely cause excessive knee extension in midstance?
plantarflexion contracture
which measure is sensitive in detecting instability following concussion?
dual-task gait assessment
which of the following problems is due to spasticity in the plantarflexors of the ankle?
inadequate toe off in swing
you observe a patient with stroke walking on a level surface using contralateral vaulting. this is most likely a compensatory strategy for?
weak hip flexors
the inability to perceive and integrate stimuli on one side of the body is known as?
unilateral spatial neglect
in patients with stroke, inadequate hip flexion is associated with which of the following gait deviations?
shortened step length
muscle afferents from _____ influence the rhythm-generating neurons to aid in the stance to swing phase transition?
hip flexors
what is the role of the vestibular system during locomotion?
to influence body alignment as it relates to gravity during locomotion
which of the following muscle groups play an important role in attaining adequate step width?
hip abductors
research suggests that clients with stroke walk the slowest if they have?
sensory deficits
ipsilateral trunk lean toward the stance leg can result from deficits in?
body image scheme
what is the advantage of a client with stroke using a knee-hyperextension strategy during walking?
to allow for a more stable posture during the stance phase of gait
in patients with a stroke, inadequate hip flexion is associated with which of the following gait deviations?
shortened step length
You observe a patient with stroke walking on a level surface utilizing a backward lean in stance. this is most likely a compensatory strategy for?
weak hip extensors
how does adductor spasticity diminish safety while walking?
it causes a narrowed base of support during ambulation