The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved taxonomically is
of
A) a red alga that lived 1.2 billion years ago.
B) a red
alga that lived 635 million years ago.
C) a fungus that lived 2
billion years ago.
D) a fungus that lived 550 million years
ago.
E) an Ediacaran that lived 550 million years ago.
a red alga that lived 1.2 billion years ago.
The evolution of complex multicellularity in eukaryotes
A)
occurred only once, in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes.
B)
occurred only once, in the common ancestor of all multicellular
eukaryotes.
C) occurred only once, in the animal lineage.
D)
is not documented by the fossil record.
E) occurred independently
in several different eukaryotic lineages.
occurred independently in several different eukaryotic lineages.
Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence
of
A) evolution from mitochondria.
B) fusion of
plastids.
C) origin of the plastids from archaea.
D)
secondary endosymbiosis.
E) budding of the plastids from the
nuclear envelope.
secondary endosymbiosis.
Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before
plastids partly because
A) the products of photosynthesis could
not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes.
B) all
eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many
eukaryotes do not have
plastids.
C) mitochondrial DNA is
less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA.
D) without
mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur.
E)
mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, whereas
plastids utilize their
own ribosomes.
all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many
eukaryotes do not have
plastids.
Which group is incorrectly paired with its description?
A)
rhizarians—morphologically diverse group that includes amoebas with
threadlike
pseudopodia
B) diatoms—important producers in
aquatic communities
C) red algae—acquired plastids by secondary
endosymbiosis
D) apicomplexans—parasites with intricate life
cycles
E) diplomonads—protists with modified mitochondria
red algae—acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis
A) The most recent common ancestor of Excavata is older than that of
the SAR clade.
B) The most recent common ancestor of the SAR
clade is older than that of Unikonta.
C) The most recent common
ancestor of red algae and land plants is older than that of
nucleariids
and fungi.
D) The most basal (first to diverge)
eukaryotic supergroup cannot be determined.
E) Excavata is the
most basal eukaryotic supergroup.
The most basal (first to diverge) eukaryotic supergroup cannot be determined.