microbiology 2 Flashcards

What microorganism is commonly used in beer and bread production?

During the making of Swiss cheese, first lactose is fermented by __________ and in syntropy, ___________ is the secondary fermenter that produces propionic acid and carbon dioxide from lactate

Why are fermented foods considered “good” for human consumption?

The rate at which food can spoil is impacted most by

An example of “perishable” a food includes

To prevent microbial growth in food products, preservation strategies to reduce microbial growth are commonly used such as

Food poisoning and food infection are the same thing and
terms can be used interchangeably.

What is not an organism that can cause food infection?

Why is it not advised to eat food that has been sitting out at room temperature for prolonged periods of time even if the food is reheated?

Which term overall best describes the relationship between the human body and its microbiome

No matter where in the human body (skin, intestine, stomach), relatively, the same number of microorganisms will be found

The oral microbiota consists strictly of aerotolerant organisms

Which bacteria is commonly associated with human mouth flora

Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogen that commonly causes

Preventing young children from exposure to microorganisms is the
best way to develop a healthy immune system

What is not an example of something that would affect the
composition of skin microbiota?

The colonization of newborn guts is critical to for their health outcome in the future. What are some common bacteria found in healthy newborn guts?

Why might including probiotic food in your diet after pro-longed antibiotic use be beneficial?

There is a higher number of microorganisms found in the _________
microbiota compared to the intestinal microbiota __________

Conditions that affect the gut microbiome often have links between
secondary conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and high blood
pressure

Individuals who have Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be more likely to experience anxiety and depression due to

Louis Pasteur’s swan neck flask experiment disproved the theory of

You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in mice. How would you test it along the lines of the Koch’s postulates?

Which of the following is NOT an example of practicing aseptic or sterile technique?

Sterile or aseptic technique includes all of the following, except
a. utilizing sterile media to control growth of microorganism in a sterile environment
such as a petri dish.
b. applying a series of practices to avoid contamination and guarantee organism
containment.
c. employing an autoclave and other sterilization procedures.
d. Never working in teams to prevent possible contamination

What is the correct order of phases when bacteria are inoculated into a new culture?

You are working with a media with a high salt concentration that only allows bacteria that can withstand high salt environments to grow. This means this is differential media

You are interested in isolating Staphylococcus aureus from a soil sample found outside of Franklin Dining Commons. What would be the best method for isolating this bacteria?

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that infects the intestinal tracts of humans. Therefore this organism is considered a

mesophile

Genetic engineering allows scientists to alter genes in the lab using in vitro
techniques such as
a. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
b. Molecular cloning
c. Mutagenesis
d. All of the above

What are two key components needed to run a standard PCR protocol?

Which of the following steps in PCR does the docking of DNA polymerase onto the DNA occur?

What is the is the main goal of conducting genetic cloning?

You are working on a cloning project and want to insert a gene into a plasmid that allows the bacteria to grow on mannitol agar. What enzymes are used to make double stranded breaks in the plasmid thus allowing the gene to anneal and ligate in?

Which is NOT a correct example of a organic pollutant?

Uranium 4+ is not water soluble while Uranium 6+ is water soluble

When microorganisms are used to prevent the transport of uranium in water from uranium-contaminated sites they use the uranium 6+ as an electron __________ during anaerobic respiration

What are some concerns when it comes to xenobiotic compounds, such as plastics, being found in natural environments?
a. For many, there is no known way to degrade these products
b. Extremely diverse in chemical composition
c. Can be further fragmented into smaller components allowing to enter the food chain
d. All of the above

Why is it important for human health for there to be wastewater treatments in place?
a. Waste water contains vast amounts of organic load that is toxic to humans.
b. Some pathogens are able to persist and transmit through wastewater.
c. To help improve over quality and taste of water.
d. All of the above.

What occurs during primary treatment of wastewater?

Wastewater contains large amounts of microorganisms that can pose a threat to human health. What are some other active biological pollutants that are also being released into wastewater coming into concern?
a. Sunscreen
b. Pharmaceuticals
c. Personal care products
d. All of the above

Louis Pasteur

Robert Koch

Defined media

Complex/Undefined media

Selective

Differential

Obligate aerobes

Obligate anaerobes

Facultative anaerobes

Microaerophiles

Aerotolerant

Caldicellulosiruptor

E. coli is a bacterium that respires with oxygen or nitrate. What best described its lifestyle?

Robert Koch and Louis Paster used the principle of nutrient media and sterilization to demonstrate that despite microorganisms being inevitable we can control them.

A colony on an agar plate is considered a pure culture because those millions of cells in the colony have originated from a single cell that grew isolated from other cells on that spot where the colony appeared.

This is the recipe for a nutrient medium to grow bacteria. Is this a medium of the defined or undefined (complex) category?

5 g yeast extract

5 g peptone

2 g KH2PO4

Distilled water 1000 ml

pH 7

Which of the following terms describes procedures to avoid the spread of microorganisms.

Before the discharge water can be released from the wastewater treatment plant into a natural water body like a river it must be

The seeping of oil and gas from fossil fuel reservoirs is a natural phenomenon, and at these natural seeps sites we can find microbial communities that are especially adapted to using hydrocarbons as electron donors.

Organic compounds with my chlorine groups (polychlorinated), such PCB, are very ________ to be degraded by microorganisms, and _________

Tertiary wastewater treatment generates which of the following gases in quantities sufficient for recovery as fuel?

Which of the following statements is correct?

The polymerase chain reaction has many cycles of three temperature steps: 95°C, 55°C, and 72°C. At the 95°C stage,

Mesophilic organisms prefer growth in a temperature range of

EcoRI is a restriction endonuclease enzyme that recognizes a six base-pair DNA sequence and

The biological oxygen demand is a metric to indicate the capacity of microbes to

High levels of organic and inorganic materials in wastewater result in _________ levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

X-gal is

Sterilization by autoclaving completely destroys all microorganisms, but only endospores survive.

What describes best the lifestyle of a bacterium in relation to oxygen?

______________ are live bacteria that we consume with the intent that they survive the stomach acid and colonize / become part of our microbial community in the gut.

Vinegar production requires a fermentation cascade, where the ethanolic fermenter is the _____ fermenter, and the acetic acid fermenter is the ____ fermenter.