Module 46-48 Flashcards

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social chance throughout the life span.

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

(literally, monster makers agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant womanś heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out of proportion head and abnormal facial features.

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated simulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experiences.

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

In Piaget’s theory, the stage(from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s points of view.

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidity fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children b their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation.

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

A procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placard in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return.

Demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness.

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

All our thoughts and feeling about ourselves in answer to the question, “Who am I?”