AP BIO CHAPTER 22 Flashcards

What is true of macroevolution?
A) It is the same as microevolution, but includes the origin of new species.
B) It is evolution above the species level.
C) It is defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with
the naked eye.
D) It is defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations.
E) It is the conceptual link between irritability and adaptation.

What is true of the flightless cormorants of the Galápagos Islands?
A) They are descendants of the same common ancestor that gave rise to the unique finches of
these islands.
B) They are close relatives of flightless cormorants from the Americas.
C) If they are still able to breed successfully with flying cormorants, it would probably be with
North American cormorants, rather than with South American cormorants.
D) Flightless cormorants on one island have restricted gene flow with those on other islands,
which could someday lead to a macroevolutionary event.
E) Their DNA has low levels of sequence homology with the DNA of flying American
cormorants.

Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept,
is (are) correct?
I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.
II. Biological species are the models used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is
possible.
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III

Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two species based on the degree of
genetic exchange between their gene pools?
A) phylogenetic
B) ecological
C) biological
D) morphological

There is still some controversy among biologists about whether Neanderthals should be placed
within the same species as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. Most DNA
sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was probably little or no gene flow between
Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this example?
A) phylogenetic
B) ecological
C) morphological
D) biological

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to
science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is
no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept
will you have to use?
A) biological
B) phylogenetic
C) ecological
D) morphological

Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when
they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive
isolating mechanisms?
A) reduced hybrid fertility
B) hybrid breakdown
C) mechanical isolation
D) habitat isolation
E) gametic isolation

Rank the following from most general to most specific:
1. gametic isolation
2. reproductive isolating mechanism
3. sperm–egg incompatibility in sea urchins
4. prezygotic isolating mechanism
A) 2, 3, 1, 4
B) 2, 4, 1, 3
C) 4, 1, 2, 3
D) 4, 2, 1, 3
E) 2, 1, 4, 3

Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to
develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate?
A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability
B) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown
C) the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility
D) gametic isolation

Theoretically, the production of sterile mules by interbreeding between female horses
(mares) and male donkeys (jacks) should
A) result in the extinction of one of the two parental species.
B) cause convergent evolution.
C) strengthen postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys.
D) weaken the intrinsic reproductive barriers between horses and donkeys.
E) eventually result in the formation of a single species from the two parental species.