Path week 5 Midterm Flashcards

The ________ is the study of causes or reasons for phenomena and identifies causal factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease or injury

The _________ is the time during which the first signs
and/or symptoms appear indicating the onset of the disease.

The ___________ is the test's ability to give the same
results in repeated measurements.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about homeostasis?

The Validity is the degree to which a measurement
reflects the true value of what it intends to measure.

Which of the following is an example of a factor that
would affect the epidemiology of a particular disease?

Risk Factors are not stressors, but conditions or
situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a
stressor.

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic
acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of
shock?

after sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient
develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is
most likely a consequence of

Massive release of histamine with consequent
vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)
is_

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Bacteria cause injury to cells by (Select all that apply.

Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.)

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer
due to (Select all that apply.)

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all
that apply.)

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used ________ solutions that contain
electrolytes.

Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)

Progressive stage of shock is marked by
_________________.

Which is true about Obstructive Shock?

The Primary cause of death in ARDS ( Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ) is

Which one is true about Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation?

Which one is incorrect about Heart Failure?

Which of the following escape rhythms originates in
Purkinje fibers (rate of 15 to 40 beats/min with abnormally wide QRS).?

The ___________ is a completely disorganized and irregular trail rhythm accompanied by an irregular ventricular rythm

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Which one is true about biventricular heart failure?

Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative ofirreversible damage to myocardial cells?

Constrictive pericarditis is associated
with

A reduction in _________ production after birth
contributes to the heart's closure and constriction in
patent ductus arteriosus.

Cor pulmonale refers to

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is
characterized by

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P
waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused
by (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is not part of the category of
the Myeloid neoplasm?

The most common complication of leukemia and
chemotherapy is

Which is false about Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

Which is false about Hodgkin's Disease?

A patient is diagnosed with stage IIA Hodgkin disease.
This patient's clinical stage was most likely determined
by (Select all that apply.)

This anemia is characterized by genetically determined defects of hemoglobin synthesis resulting in hemoglobin
instability and insolubility.

Which is false about Vascular Purpura?

Which is false about secondary Polycythemia?

The patients with Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) are deficient in

Which of the following coagulation factors is not dependent on Vitamin K?

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome Factor IX is an example of a(n)

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder
that involves

All the following stress-induced hormones increase

Deficient immune response

blood glucose except

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress
include all the following except

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of.......WHAT?

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing.________?

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is due to

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased
neuromuscular excitability?

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present
independently are referred to as

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous
nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

Diarrhea causes......and is not just a lot of poop

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

The secondary hemostasis involves the formation of a
fibrin clot through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and
coagulation.

The Neurogenic Shock is the result of loss of
sympathetic activation of arteriolar skeletal muscle.

What information about INR does the nurse
understand?

What is involved in the release of plasminogen
activators? (Select all that apply.)

Which involves bleeding associated with vascular or platelet defects? (Select all that apply.)

Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding
problem? (Select all that apply.)

1. A male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with acute flank pain. What additional signs of bleeding may the patient exhibit? (Select all that apply.)

Events which occur during the alarm stage of the stress
response include secretion of (Select all that apply.)

The ___________ is inadequate adaptation
mechanisms or excessive allostatic load; resulting in an
inability to maintain homeostasis.

The effects of the stress response are influenced by all
the following, except; (select all that apply)

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible
except

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

What roles does inflammation play in cancer
development? (Select all that apply.)

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused
by__________.

Autoimmune diseases result from which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)

Which diseases are due to type IV hypersensitivity?
(Select all that apply.)

Which is true about epiglottitis? (Select all that apply.)

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 30 mm Hg,
HCO3- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who
presents with

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone
to

Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of
thrombosis may present with which manifestations?
(Select all that apply.)

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications?
(Select all that apply.)

Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow
by controlling______________.

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment
syndrome?

Which changes in the circulatory system occur in the
older adult? (Select all that apply.)

Blood flow is measured as a given number of which
measurements? (Select all that apply.)

A patient's ECG lacks recognizable waveforms and is
deemed to represent sinus arrest. What conditions could
have caused this condition? (Select all that apply.)

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
has which effects on the heart? (Select all that apply.)

After evaluation, a child's asthma is characterized as
"extrinsic." This means that the asthma is

Cystic fibrosis is associated with____________

Croup is characterized by__________

108. COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes

When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with
asthma produces large quantities of

Lack of α antitrypsin in emphysema causes

To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to
stop smoking since cigarette smoke

When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks,
"Why is my chest so big and round?," the nurse
responds that

Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of

An acute asthma attack is associated with which signs
and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Which is false about Tricuspid Atresia?

Which is false regarding the Truncus Arteriosus?

Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary
edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest
radiograph are characteristic of

Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?

A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a
tracheal shift should be evaluated for

The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is

Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function
primarily because of

Legionnaires disease is characterized by

A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by

The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid is _____ ions.

Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control
the release of

The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is

An increase in the resting membrane potential
(hyperpolarized) is associated with____

Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include

A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic
hypophosphatemia are caused by

A known cause of hypokalemia is

Hyperaldosteronism causes

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of:

How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor
that secretes parathyroid hormone-related peptide
monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?

Which is false about Tetralogy of Fallot?

Which is false about the Coarctation of the Aorta?

Which is false about the Ventricular Septal Defect?

All of the following about high output failure of the lymphatic system are true, EXCEPT:

Which is true about Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of
Acute Arterial Occlusion?

This kind of true aneurysm is recognized because it
possesses a balloon that has a stem and neck.

Which is false about Raynaud Syndrome?

Which one is false about Thrombosis?

The __________ proposes that the net filtration is
equal to the combined forces fostering filtration minus
the combined forces opposing filtration

Which is false about Von Willebrand Disease?

In hepatic disease, the coagulopathies result from all
of the following, except;

Concerning the organization of the circulatory and
Lymphatic Systems in Geriatrics, which one is correct?
select all that apply