Diffusion
the process of moving molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Osmosis
diffusion of water from areas of high concentration of water molecules to low concentration of water molecules. (Remember that the amount of solute present can affect this. )
facilitated diffusion
Diffusion of molecules that uses a channel protein to move the molecules into or out of the cell.
active transport
movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to high concentration (against the concentration gradient)
Requires ATP
Requires a special transport protein
Endocytosis
a type of active transport that brings large molecules into the cell. The cell membrane envelops the particle and is pushed into the cell.
Phagocytosis
cell eating (taking in large solid particles by endocytosis)
Pinocytosis
cell drinking (taking in large droplets of liquid into the cell by endocytosis)
exocytosis
removing large particles from the cell. The particle is enclosed in a vesicle and the phospholipids of the vesicle fuse to the cell membrane and push the contents out of the cell.
passive transport
transport of molecules that moves with the concentration gradient
does not require energy
includes diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
ATP
adenosine tri-phosphate
Energy used for chemical reactions
hypertonic environment
solution that is highly concentration
cells placed in this solution will shrivel
hypotonic environment
solution that has little to no solute concentration
cells placed in this solution will swell and burst
isotonic
environment where there water leaving and entering the cell is at equillibrium