The Great Ice Age accounted for the origins of North America's human history because
it prevented the migration of dangerous animals from the Bering isthmus.
when it ended, European migration to the west became possible.
the glacial withdrawal formed freshwater lakes that supported life.
the glacial withdrawal allowed migration from South America.
it exposed a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America.
it exposed a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America.
Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all the following except
carry on commerce.
study mathematics.
make strikingly accurate astronomical observations.
engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery.
establish large, elaborate, and bustling cities.
engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery. All of the following are true of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations except they
All of the following are true of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations except they
had talented mathematicians, which allowed them to make accurate astronomical observations.
had advanced agricultural practices based primarily on the cultivation of maize.
had the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen.
lacked the technology of the wheel.
built elaborate cities and carried on far-flung commerce.
had the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen.
The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was
potatoes.
corn.
wheat.
tobacco.
beans
corn
Europeans wanted to discover a new, shorter route to eastern Asia in order to
All of these
reduce the price of goods from Asia.
break the hold that Muslim merchants had on trade with Asia.
reduce the time it took to transport goods.
gain more profits for themselves.
all of these
Which group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived?
The Arabs and Africans
The English and Americans
The Incas and Aztecs
The English and Scandinavians
The Portuguese and Spanish
The Arabs and Africans
The term "Columbian Exchange" describes:
the gifts Columbus brought to and received from Native Americans.
the trade in Native American furs for European horses and other goods.
the exporting of precious metals from the New World and the importing of African slaves to the New World.
None of these choices.
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
Within a century after Columbus's landfall in the New World, the Native American population was reduced by nearly
70 percent.
50 percent.
90 percent.
100 percent.
20 percent.
90 percent.
The institution of encomienda allowed the
governments of Europe to abolish the practice of Indian slavery and to establish African slavery.
European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them.
Europeans to establish an economy based on capitalism.
Europeans to marry Native Americans.
native people to enslave members of other tribes.
European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them.
The Aztec chief Montezuma allowed Cortes to enter the capital of Tenochtitlan because
there was little in the city of interest to the Spanish.
he was told to do so by the gods.
Montezuma believed that Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl.
Cortes's army was so powerful.
the Treaty of Tordesillas gave the capital to the Spanish government.
Montezuma believed that Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl.
Spain began to fortify and settle its North American border lands in order to
gain control of Canada. gain more slaves.
find a passage to the Pacific Ocean.
look for gold in Florida.
protect its domains from encroachments by England and France.
protect its domains from encroachments by England and France.
All of the following are true about Popes Rebellion in 1680, except
Pueblo Indians built a ceremonial religious chamber - kiva - on the ruins of the Spanish plaza.
Spanish priests and settlers were killed in the conflict.
Pueblo Indians rebelled when Spanish missionaries sought to suppress native religious customs.
Pueblo Indians destroyed every Catholic church in the province of New Mexico.
the revolt by Pueblo Indians was successfully halted by the Spanish.
the revolt by Pueblo Indians was successfully halted by the Spanish.
Which of the following is the false concept, which held that the Spanish conquerors merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little but misery behind?
Tragic Death
European Legend
Dark Myth
Black Legend
Spanish Myth
Black Legend
The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the
french at Quebec in 1608.
Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610.
English at Jamestown in 1607.
French at Saint Augustine in 1611.
English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621.
English at Jamestown in 1607.
The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as
firm but fair.
violent and unjust.
better than their treatment of any English subjects.
supportive of their Catholic faith.
the prime example of salutary neglect.
violent and unjust.
Spain's dream of empire began to fade with the
defeat of the Spanish Armada.
Treaty of Tordesillas.
War of Spanish Succession.
conquest of Mexico by Portugal.
loss of Brazil.
defeat of the Spanish Armada.
On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a
measure of religious unity.
sense of nationalism.
All of these
popular monarch.
unified national state.
All of these
The __________ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.
ancestry laws
joint-stock companies
laws of inheritance
laws of primogeniture
treaty of the elders
laws of primogeniture
The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by
peace with the Native Americans.
major technological advancement.
constant fear of Spanish invasion.
starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids.
economic prosperity.
starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids.
Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as
very limited.
saving the colony from collapse.
reducing the terrible death toll.
worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians.
persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold.
saving the colony from collapse.
When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he
died within a few months of his arrival.
brought many Irish immigrants with him.
halted the rapid population decline.
imposed a harsh military regime on the colony.
re-established better relations with the Indians.
imposed a harsh military regime on the colony.
A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the
mass killing of the entire Powhatan tribe.
agreement of John Rolfe and Pocahontas to divorce.
marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe.
English agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the Powhatan tribe.
Powhatan tribe agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the English.
marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe.
The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York)
All of these
was established for its quick profit of fur trading.
allowed only Dutch immigrants to settle there.
tolerated Quakers from nearby Pennsylvania.
supported free speech and other democratic practices.
was established for its quick profit of fur trading.
The biggest disrupter of Native American life was
disease.
the formation of new tribes.
introduction of horses.
firearms.
loss of culture.
disease
The purpose of the periodic "mourning wars" was
the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians.
to stop the spread of European settlements.
to avenge the death of Huron warriors.
the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees.
to break up the Iroquois Confederacy.
the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society?
Women dominated Iroquois society.
When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her famliy.
All men's connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line.
Two families would live together in one longhouse.
Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence.
Women dominated Iroquois society.
The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all the following except the broad-acred plantation system.
a great demand for controlled labor.
diversification of the colony's economy.
the destruction of the soil.
soaring prosperity in the colony.
diversification of the colony's economy.
During the early years of colonization in the New World, England
made sure all the colonies had royal charters.
maintained an excellent relationship with the Indians.
paid little attention to its colonies.
began the importation of African slaves in large numbers.
closely controlled its colonies
paid little attention to its colonies.
The Separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to establish a new nation.
gain wealth through all the economic incentives the New World offered.
avoid the coming war with France.
avoid the Dutchification of their children.
escape the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company.
avoid the Dutchification of their children.
As a colony, Rhode Island became known for
its poor treatment of Indians.
support of special privilege.
individualistic and independent attitudes.
unified religious beliefs.
never having secured a charter from Parliament.
individualistic and independent attitudes.
Roger Williams' beliefs included all of the following except
breaking away from the Church of England.
demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs.
denying the authority of civil government to regulate religious matters.
challenging the legality of Massachusetts Bay's charter.
condemning the taking of Indian land without fair compensation.
demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs.
The leader that helped the Pilgrims survive was
Roger Williams
William Bradford
William Laud
John Winthrop
John Smith
William Bradford
King James I opposed the Separatists who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England because he
never understood the political implications of their actions.
was a strong Catholic and the Separatists' doctrine went counter to the strict interpretation of the Bible.
believed that they were turning their backs on the true Calvinist faith.
realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they could defy him as their political leader.
strongly believed in the concept of "visible saints."
realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they could defy him as their political leader.
The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it
was abolished by King James I.
failed.
forced King James I to revoke the colony's royal charter and grant it self-government.
was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America.
allowed the seating of nonvoting Native Americans.
was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America.
King Philip's War resulted in all the following except
the destruction of 12 Puritan towns.
the beheading of Wampanoag Chief Metacom and the sale of his wife and son into slavery.
the immediate westward march of English settlement in New England.
the death of hundreds of colonists and many more Indians.
the lasting defeat of New England's Indians.
the immediate westward march of English settlement in New England.
New England Indians' only hope for resisting English encroachment lay in
enlisting the aid of the French.
allying themselves with the Dutch.
intertribal unity against the English.
building fortifications.
acquiring English muskets.
intertribal unity against the English.
The colony of South Carolina prospered
by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies.
under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
only after Georgia was established.
as a result of the importation of Indian slaves.
because of its thriving shipbuilding industry.
by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies.
Unlike Separatists, the Puritans
advocated strict separation of church and state.
rejected belief in witchcraft.
were Calvinists.
remained members of the Church of England.
practiced passive resistance to oppression.
remained members of the Church of England.
All of the following are true statements about Quakers except
they trusted Indians in Pennsylvania as babysitters.
they were shrewd businessmen.
they swore solemn oaths of faith and devotion.
they built simple meetinghouses and believed they were all children in the sight of God.
they advocated passive resistance and turning the other cheek against their enemies.
they swore solemn oaths of faith and devotion.
The Mayflower Compact can best be described as a(n)
document that allowed women limited participation in government.
promising step toward genuine self-government.
agreement to follow the dictates of Parliament.
constitution that established a working government.
complex agreement to form an oligarchy.
promising step toward genuine self-government.
According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay
a person needs only to obey the law of God.
the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man.
antinomianism was heresy.
predestination was not a valid idea.
direct revelation from God was impossible.
the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man.
A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was
to repudiate the feudal way of life.
establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South.
help the Protestants, by giving them a safe haven.
be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics.
allowed Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself.
be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics.
In 1649, Maryland's Act of Toleration
gave freedom only to Catholics.
guaranteed toleration to all Christians.
abolished the death penalty previously give to those who denied the divinity of Jesus.
was issued by Lord Baltimore.
protected Jews and atheists.
guaranteed toleration to all Christians.
Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because
were skilled fishermen.
were knowledgeable regarding cotton production.
had experience working in dry, desert-like areas.
exhibited skill as soldiers.
were experienced in rice cultivation.
were experienced in rice cultivation.
The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors as
outcasts and irreligious.
fat too friendly with Spain.
hostile and violent.
too submissive to authority.
too Catholic.
outcasts and irreligious.
The colony of Georgia was founded
by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II.
in the 17th century.
as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas.
to supply New England with much-needed African slaves.
by a joint-stock company.
as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas.
The New England family can best be described as
similar to the family in the Chesapeake colonies.
a very stable institution.
not very close-knit.
a limiting factor in the growth of the region's population.
relatively small in size due to the frequency of deaths from childbirth.
a very stable institution.
Seventeenth-century colonial tobacco growers usually responded to depressed prices for their crop by
selling land to reduce their volume of production.
releasing unneeded indentured servants early.
growing more tobacco to increase their volume of production.
planting corn and wheat instead of tobacco.
selling slaves to reduce productive labor.
growing more tobacco to increase their volume of production.
The 1662 slave codes in Virginia are significant because they
made slaves and indentured servants of equal status under the law.
established curfews and prohibited slaves from moving freely about the colony.
restricted the number of slaves that could be imported into the colony.
established a legal difference between servants and slaves based on race.
outlined the conditions under which slaves could obtain their freedom.
established a legal difference between servants and slaves based on race.
Indentured servants in the seventeenth century Chesapeake represented
three-quarters of the population.
half of the population.
one tenth of the population.
85% of the population.
one-fourth of the population.
three-quarters of the population.
The New England economy depended heavily on
the production of many staple crops.
rice production.
fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce.
tobacco.
slave labor.
fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce.
Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South were
landowning small farmers.
large merchant planters.
landless farm laborers.
native Americans.
black slaves.
landowning small farmers.
As the seventeenth century wore on, regional differences continued to crystalize, most notably
the breaking of the Atlantic economy.
the importance of slave labor in the South.
the continuing rigidity of Puritanism.
loyalty to England.
the use of indentured servants.
the importance of slave labor in the South.
Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves were
cheaper to buy and own.
a more easily controlled labor force.
less expensive to buy but more expensive to keep.
less reliable workers.
more likely to rebel.
a more easily controlled labor force.
Over the course of the seventeenth century, most indentured servants
devolved into slavery.
faced increasingly harsh circumstances.
became landowners.
saw their wages increase.
managed to escape the terms of their contracts.
faced increasingly harsh circumstances.
The picture of colonial America that is emerging from new scholarship is a society formed by
American heritage.
encounters with native peoples.
European heritage.
many intertwining roots.
All of these
All of these
Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because
they worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married persons.
there was so little land available.
New England families were so rare.
of the short life span of New England women.
All of these.
they worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married persons.
During the seventeenth century, indentured servants solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reason except that
the Indian population proved to be an unreliable workforce because they died quickly after contact with whites.
African slaves cost too much money. families procreated too slowly.
Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies.
in some areas families formed too slowly.
Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies.
The Salem witchcraft trials were
caused by ergot in the Puritans' bread.
unique to the English colonies.
accusations made by the daughters of business owners.
a result of Roger Williams's activities.
the result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts.
the result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts.
This group reaped the greatest benefit from the land policies of the headright system.
Indentured servants
African slaves
Slave owners
New England
Merchant planters
Merchant planters
Identify the statement that is false.
Some slaves became slave owners once they were freed.
Most of the early African immigrants gained their freedom.
The legal difference between a slave and a servant was unclear early on in colonial history.
Slavery was harshest in the deep South.
Slavery in America began for economic reasons.
Most of the early African immigrants gained their freedom.
The population of the Chesapeake colonies, throughout the first half of the seventeenth century, was notable for its
stable family life.
low death rate.
fast growth rate.
scarcity of women.
large percentage of middle-aged men.
scarcity of women.
As a result of Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon was named to head the Virginia militia.
African slavery was reduced.
planters began to look for less troublesome laborers.
better relation developed with local Indians.
Governor Berkeley was dismissed from office.
planters began to look for less troublesome laborers.
In seventeenth-century colonial America, all of the following are true regarding women except
women could not vote.
abusive husbands could be punished.
women dominated the profession of midwives.
women were regarded as morally weaker than men.
women could not own property under any circumstances.
women could not own property under any circumstances.
The Half-Way Covenant
allowed the children of unconverted existing members to be baptized but not full members of the church.
brought an end to the jeremiads of Puritan ministers.
strengthened the distinction between the elect and all others.
resulted in a decrease in church members.
allowed full communion for all nonconverted members.
allowed the children of unconverted existing members to be baptized but not full members of the church.
In contrast to the Chesapeake colonies, those in New England
expanded westward in a less orderly fashion.
had a more diversified economy.
had a more ethnically mixed population.
followed the land use pattern established by the local Indians.
were more oriented towards the individual than toward community interests.
had a more diversified economy.