monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
elements found in carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen , oxygen
1:2:1 ratio
elements found in nucleic acids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and phosphorus
elements found in proteins
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
6 most common elements in living things
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur
elements found in lipids
carbon, hydrogen , oxygen
lipids
made up of fatty acids
store energy
insulation
form cell membrane (phospholipids)
monomer
1 unit
the building block of larger molecules
(like a brick in a brick wall)
carbohydrates
macromolecule made up of monosaccharides
includes sugars and starches
used for energy
proteins
macromolecule made up of amino acids
acts as enzymes, form hair, nails, skin, helps in movement of muscles
(communication, identification, structure)
nucleic acids
macromolecule made up of nucleotides
carries genetic information
DNA and RNS
monomer of lipids
fatty acids
monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
monomer of proteins
amino acids
polymer
large molecule made up of many units
brick wall would be the large molecule made up of smaller units of bricks
enzyme
proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living orgranisms
names end in -ase
activation energy
the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started
active site
the spot on an enzyme that binds the substrate
substrate
the molecule an enzyme acts upon
primary protein structure
the sequence of amino acids (chain)
secondary structure of proteins
the bending or helical shape of protein strand
tertiary structure of protein
the unique 3-D shape of a protein
When it become functional
Structure determines function
quaternary structure of proteins
two or more polypeptide chains working together as a functional protein
example: hemoglobin
disaccharide
composed of two sugars
(sucrose)
polysaccharide
carbohydrate composed of many sugars
starch and cellulose
factors that affect enzymes
pH
temperature
co-enzymes
inhibitors