Scene with a group of rhinoceroses
Provenance: Chauvet Cave (France)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: Palaeolithic
Hand's red-painted negative
Provenance: Chauvet Cave (France)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: Palaeolithic
Secondary burial with the top of the cranium used as a container for further human remains
Provenance: Germany
Place of Conservation: Prehistoric Museum of Blaubeuren
Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic
Cave painting of a bird-headed man, bison, and rhinoceros
Provenance: Lascaux Cave (France)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic
Mammoth tusk figurine of a human with a lion's head
Provenance: Germany
Place of Conservation: Ulm Museum
Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic
Female figurine carved from a red tunic pebble with at least three intentional grooves
Provenance: Israel
Place of Conservation: Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Chronology: Lower Palaeolithic
The "Venus" of Laussel
Provenance: France
Place of Conservation: Museum of Aquitania, Bordeaux (France)
Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic
Vulture bone flute
Provenance: Germany
Place of Conservation: Prehistoric Museum of Blaubeuren
Chronology: Upper Paleolithic
Painting with a deer-hunting scene
Provenance: Valencia, Spain
Place of conservation: In situ
Chronology: Mesolithic
Skull of a 35/40 year old man struck by one arrowhead in the chest and another in the face
Provenance: Denmark
Place of Conservation: National Museum of Denmark (Copenhagen)
Chronology: Neolithic
The world's oldest known sanctuary
Provenance: Turkey
Place of conservation: In situ
Chronology: Pre Pottery Neolithic
Seated female clay figurine between feline-headed arm rests
Provenance: Turkey
Place of Conservation: Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Ankara)
Chronology: Neolithic
Mask made with a deer skull with carved eyeholes
Provenance: Star Carr, Scarborough (UK)
Place of Conservation: Scarborough Museum
Chronology: Mesolithic
Limestone mask decorated with paint
Provenance: Israel
Place of Conservation: Israel Museum (Jerusalem)
Chronology: Pre-Pottery Neolithic
Cylinder seal showing a "priest-king" participating in a liturgical ceremony
Provenance: Iraq
Place of Conservation: Louvre (Paris)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Syrian marble double "eye idol"
Provenance: Syria
Place of Conservation: Private Collection
Chronology: 3,500-3,300 BCE
Gerza schist palette depicting the goddess Hathor in the form of a cow
Provenance: Tomb 59, Gerza (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Ithifallic colossus of Min
Provenance: Egypt
Place of Conservation: Ashmolean Museum (Oxford)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Narmer palette
Provenance: Egypt
Place of Conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo)
Chronology: 3,200-3,000 BCE
Clay tag with proto-cuneiform glyphs
Provenance: Uruk (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Berlin
Chronology: Bronze Age
Proto-cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet
Provenance: Uruk (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: LA County Museum of Art (California)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet
Provenance: Umma (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Spurlok Museum of World Cultures (Illinois)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet
Provenance: Uruk (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Spurlok Museum of World Cultures (Illinois)
Chronology: Neo-Babylonian Period
Bone and ivory tags
Provenance: Tomb UJ, Abydos (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: Cairo
Chronology: Bronze Age
Seal impression with the first complete hieroglyphic sentence
Provenance: Tom of Seth-Peribsen (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: Bronze Age
Fragment of wall decoration with hieroglyphs
Provenance: Valley of the Kings (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
Ipuwer papyrus in hieratic language
Provenance: unknown
Place of Conservation: Dutch National Museum of Antiquities (Leiden)
Chronology: New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
Funerary papyrus of Tanuat in demotic language
Provenance: Thebes (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: Royal Scottish Museum (Edinburgh)
Chronology: Roman period, 9 BCE
Stele celebrating the victory of Naram-Sin against the Lullubi
Provenance: Susa (Iran)
Place of Conservation: Louvre (Paris)
Chronology: Akkadian Empire
The Standard of Ur
Provenance: Ur (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: Early dynastic period
Tablette with house ground plan
Provenance: Umma (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Berlin
Chronology: Ur III period
Limestone statue of King Djoser
Provenance: Saqqara (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo)
Chronology: Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty
Pyramid of Djoser or Step Pyramid
Provenance: Saqqara (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty
Code of Hammurabi
Provenance: Susa (Iran)
Place of Conservation: Louvre (Paris)
Chronology: 1,770 BCE
Plimpton 3332 tablet: the world's oldest and most accurate trigonometric tablet
Provenance: Larsa (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Columbia University (New York)
Chronology: 1,822-1,762 BCE
Babylonia clay tablet YBC 7289 with representation of √2
First known depiction of a map, showing fields belonging to royal estates in Nippur
Provenance: Nippur (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: New York Public Library
Chronology: 1,500 BCE
Calendar with Nile floods and sacrifice requirements
Provenance: temple of Horus and Sobek (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 170 BCE
Clay tablet with labyrinth
Provenance: Babylon (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 2,000-1,700 BCE
Papyrus depicting a lion playing the board game of senet against a gazelle
Provenance: Egypt
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: 1,250-1,150 BCE
Royal Game of Ur or Game of Twenty Squares
Provenance: Ur (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: 2,600-2,400 BCE
Brick relief representing the snake-dragon Mushussu
Provenance: Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Pergamon Museum (Berlin)
Chronology: Neo-Babylonian
Wall panel relief representing a possible parkland in Nineveh with irrigation canals, aqueduct, path with altar, and a pavilion
Provenance: North Palace, Nineveh (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: Neo-Assyrian
Relief representing Darius I's elite warriors (the "Immortals")
Provenance: Susa (Iran)
Place of Conservation: Pergamon Museum (Berlin)
Chronology: 500 BCE
Relief representing Sennacherib attacking a walled city (probably Jerusalem)
Provenance: Nineveh (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: 704-681 BCE
Relief representing timber being unloaded from Phoenician ships
Provenance: Palace of Sargon II (Iraq)
Place of Conservation: Louvre (Paris)
Chronology: 8th century BCE
Marble seated harp player
Provenance: Cyclades (Greece)
Place of Conservation: The Metropolitan Museum (New York)
Chronology: Late Early Cycladic I - Early Cycladic II
Painted faience plaques
Provenance: Knossos (Crete)
Place of Conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 1,700-1,600 BCE
The Master Impression representing Poseidon on a temple dominating the sea
Provenance: Chania (Crete)
Place of Conservation: The Chania Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 1,450-1,400 BCE
The Snake Goddess
Provenance: Knossos (Crete)
Place of Conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 1,600 BCE
The harvester vase
Provenance: Hagia Triada (Crete)
Place of Conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 1,550-1,500 BCE
The Hagia Triada sarcophagus
Provenance: Hagia Triada (Crete)
Place of Conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 1,370-1,320 BCE
The so-called "Mask of Agamemnon"
Provenance: Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 1,550-1,500 BCE
The "Pylos Combat Agate"
Provenance: "Tomb of the Griffin Warrior", Plyos (Greece)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 1,450 BCE
Mycenaean dagger
Provenance: Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 1,600 BCE
Boar's tusk helmet
Provenance: Mycenae (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 14th century BCE
The "Warrior Vase"
Provenance: Mycenae (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 13th century BCE
Painted plaster head (sphinx?)
Provenance: Mycenae (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 13th century BCE
Linear B tablet
Provenance: Knossos (Crete)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Iraklion
Chronology: 1,450 BCE
Proto-geometric skyphos
Provenance: Kerameikos, Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Kerameikos Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: end of 11th-10th century BCE
Attic amphora
Provenance: Kerameikos, Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: late geometric IA, 760-750 BCE
Terracotta centaur
Provenance: Lefkandi (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Eretria
Chronology: end of the 10th century BCE
Mantiklos Apollo
Provenance: Thebes (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: late geometric 700-675 BCE
Bronze statuette of a horse
Provenance: Olympia (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Altes Museum (Berlin)
Chronology: late geometric, 730 BCE
Votive clay model of the Heraion
Provenance: Argos (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 725-700 BCE
Silver stater with a turtle
Provenance: Aegina (Greece)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 6th century BCE
The Chigi vase
Provenance: Veio (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia (Rome)
Chronology: 650-640 BCE
The helmet of Miltiades, the Athenian general of the Battle of Marathon
Provenance: Olympia (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Olympia
Chronology: 490 BCE
Pediment of the temple of Artemis in Corfu with Gorgon and Panthers
Provenance: Corfu (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Corfu Archaeological Museum
Chronology: 580 BCE
The Peplos Kore
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Acropolis Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 530 BCE
The Kroisos Kouros
Provenance: Anavyssos (Greece)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 540-515 BCE
Moschophoros
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Acropolis Museum of Athens
Chronology: 560 BCE
Corinthian olpe by the Vatican Painter 73
Provenance: Corinth (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Gregorian Etruscan Museum (Rome)
Chronology: 630-615 BCE
Stele with Democracy crowning Demos
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Agora Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 337 BCE
Bust of Pericles
Provenance: Tivoli (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Museo Pio Clementino (Rome)
Chronology: 2nd century CE Roman copy afters a Greek original from 430 BCE
Marble head of Socrates (469-399 BCE)
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Palazzo Massimo alle Terme (Rome)
Chronology: 1st century CE (Roman copy)
The kleroterion
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 3rd century BCE
Bronze ballots
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Agora Museum (Athens)
Chronology: 4th century BCE
Fragmentary waterclock measuring the time allotted to the speakers
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Agora Museum (Athens)
Chronology: late 5th century BCE
Ostrakon with the name of Perikles
Provenance: Athens (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Agora Museum (Athens)
Chronology: mid 5h century BCE
Bust of Aristophanes
Provenance: Tivoli (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Uffizi Gallery (Florence)
Chronology: 2nd century CE Roman copy of a Greek original
Temple of Concordia
Provenance: Agrigento (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 440-430 BCE
Marble statue of ephebe
Provenance: Agrigento (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Museo Archeologico di Agrigento
Chronology: 480 BCE
Temple of Hera
Provenance: Paestum (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 460-450 BCE
Frescoes from the tomb of the Diver
Provenance: Paestum (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Paestum
Chronology: 480-470 BCE
Fresco from the Tomb of the Black Rider
Provenance: Paestum (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Paestum
Chronology: 340 BCE
Ivory bust of Philip II of Macedonia
Provenance: Vergina (Greece)
Place of Conservation: Vergina Museum
Chronology: 335 BCE
Facade and fresco from Tomb II (of Philip II?)
Provenance: Vergina (Greece)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 335-315 BCE
Bust of Alexander the Great
Provenance: Alexandria (Egypt)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: 2nd-1st century BCE
The Battle of the Issus (333 BCE) between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia
Provenance: House of the Faun, Pompeii (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples)
Chronology: late 2nd century BCE
Tetradrachm with head of horned horse
Provenance: Pergamon (Turkey)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: reign of Seleucos I Nikator, 312-281 BCE
Bronze sculpture of Alexander the Great on horseback
Provenance: Herculaneum (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples)
Chronology: 1st century BCE
Double decadrachm with Agathocles wearing Alexander's elephant scalp headdress
Provenance: Syracuse (Italy)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 310-304 BCE
The Pyrgi tablets
Provenance: Pyrgi (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Etruscan Museum (Rome)
Chronology: 500 BCE
Statue of a centaur in tufa stone
Provenance: Vulci (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Etruscan Museum (Rome)
Chronology: 590-580 BCE
Bronze statue of a Chimaera
Provenance: Arezza (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum (Florence)
Chronology: 380-360 BCE
Mars of Todi
Provenance: Todi (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Museo Etrusco Gregoriano (Rome)
Chronology: late 5th - early 4th century BCE
Statuette of a woman
Provenance: Nemi (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Louvre (Paris)
Chronology: 350 BCE
Liver of Piacenza
Provenance: Decima di Gossolengo, Piacenza (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Municipal Museum of Piacenza
Chronology: late 2nd century BCE
Winged-horses of Tarquinia
Provenance: Tarquinia (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Tarquinia National Museum
Chronology: mid 4th century BCE
The "Lady of Elche"
Provenance: Alcudia de Elche (Spain)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)
Chronology: 4th century BCE
Bronze statuette representing a Phoenician divinity with golden face
Provenance: Cadiz (Spain)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)
Chronology: 9th-7th century BCE
The (Tartessian?) sanctuary of Turuñuelo de Guareña
Provenance: Turuñuelo de Guareña, Badajoz (Spain)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 6th-5th century BCE
Fragment of cycladic marble statue
Provenance: Turuñuelo de Guareña, Badajoz (Spain)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 6th-5th century BCE
Denarius with Venus and Aeneas carrying Anchises and Palladium
Provenance: North Africa
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 47-46 BCE
Terracotta representing Aeneas escaping from Troy with his father Anchises and his son Aeneas
Provenance: Pompeii (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples)
Chronology: 1st century BCE
Marble relief with Aeneas landing in Latium with Ascanius and meeting a sow identifying the place where to found Lavinium
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: British Museum (London)
Chronology: 140-150 CE
The "Capitoline Wolf"
Provenance: unknown
Place of Conservation: Palazzo dei Conservatori (Rome)
Chronology: 5th century BCE or 11th-12th century CE
Consular and triumphal Fasti
Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Capitoline Museums (Rome)
Chronology: 27 BCE - 14 CE
Fasti and Calendar
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Roman National Museum Baths of Diocletian (Rome)
Chronology: 3rd century CE
Rustic Calendar
Provenance: Campus Marzius, Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Museum of Roman Civilization in Rome
Chronology: 2nd century CE
Calendar with removable pins
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 3rd-4th century CE
The "Lapis Niger"
Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Roman Museum (Rome)
Chronology: 570-550 BCE
The "Lex Spoletina"
Provenance: Spoleto (Italy)
Place of Conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Spoleto)
Chronology: 241 BCE
"Capitoline Brutus" (portrait of Lucius Iunius Brutus)
Provenance: Italy
Place of Conservation: Capitoline Museums (Rome)
Chronology: early 3rd century BCE
Ruins of the Capitolium of Rome
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 509 BCE
The Capitoline triad
Provenance: Guidonia (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Civic Archaeological Museum (Guidonia)
Chronology: 160-180 CE
The castrum of Vindolanda
Provenance: Bardon Mill (UK)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 85 CE
Silver denarius with the Italic bull trampling on the Roman She-wolf
Provenance: Corfinium (Italy)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 90-88 BCE
The Cittareale stone
Provenance: Cittareale (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Museum of Cittareale (Rieti)
Chronology: 90-88 BCE
The Capitolium of Pompeii
Provenance: Pompeii (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: 200-175 BCE
The altar of Claudia Syntyche
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Central Montemartini (Rome)
Chronology: 1st century CE
The sanctuary of Pietrabbondante
Provenance: Pietrabbondante (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: end of the 2nd century BCE
The sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia
Provenance: Palestrina (Italy)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: end of the 2nd century BCE
The Roman sanctuary of Munigua
Provenance: Munigua, Seville (Spain)
Place of Conservation: In situ
Chronology: end of the 1st century CE
Bust of Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Glyptothek of Munich
Chronology: Augustan epoch
Denarius with Hercules and a globe surrounded by four wreaths, one flanked by aplustre and grain ear
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 56 BCE
Bust of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Provenance: Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (Copenhagen)
Chronology: 30-50 CE
Silver denarius advertising Brutus in conjunction with symbols justifying Caesar's assassination
Provenance: Northern Greece
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 44 BCE
Marble portrait of Caius Julius Caesar
Provenance: unknown
Place of Conservation: Vatican Museums (Rome)
Chronology: 30-20 BCE
Silver denarius with Mark Antony and Caesar
Provenance: Cisalpine Gaul
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 43 BCE
Portrait of Marcus Antonius
Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Centrale Montemartini (Rome)
Chronology: 35 BCE
Silver denarius with Octavian's head and a crocodile
Provenance: unknown
Place of Conservation: unknown
Chronology: 28 BCE
Augustus of Prima Porta
Provenance: Primar Porta, Rome (Italy)
Place of Conservation: Vatican Museums (Rome)
Chronology: 20 CE