English Flashcards

свидетельство/доказательство

to feel sad

(the ability to have) a deep, clear, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or a situation (представление)

После insights всегда идет INTO ( https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/insight )

to cause something happen, esp., bad (вызвать / спровоцировать)

Bring on depression

talking therapy that involves trained therapist listening to you and helping you find ways to deal with emotional issues (консультация)

направлен(а)(о) на

someone, who travel between work and home

стажировка

привыкай

осанка / позиция

жест / знак

намоминать / походить на

1. прямоугольный
2. твердая оболочка
3. Мягкое покрытие
4. не твердое, а мягкое покрытие
5. молния / застежка
6. вокруг передней части

металлическая ручка

выдвижная ручка

тянуть, вытащить, понянуть

пройти таможню

the place in an airport where you get your cases and bags when you arrive after flying

упускаются из виду

бойко / многословно

раздражающий / неприятный

an increase in the number or amount of smth (всплекс)

a factory where steel is made (сталелитейный звод)

the process of getting rid of large amounts of rubbish by burying it, or a place where rubbish is buried (свалка)

хоронить, закапывать (Бери)

никаких улучшений не видно

In addition to sth (кроме того, а также). As well as is not allowed to be located in the beginning of the sentence

сдержать инфляцию

различать

A dramatic upward move in the price of an asset, relative to surrounding price move

a place to stay or live

is an event where participants are requested to dress or act according to a particular theme

to become worse (вырождается/деградирует в)

придерживаться мнения

If feelings are running high, people are angry or excited. (эмоции/чувство накаляются)

Споры могут возникать как по незначительным вопросам словоупотребления, так и по основным направлениям лингвистического образования

споры

to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc. (Nobody is exempt - никто не освобождается)

a natural ability or skill (склонность, предрасположенность)

Ability simply refers to the potential of a person to do something. On the other hand, skill refers to the potential possessed by an individual to do something exceptionally well

по своей сути, по своей природе

присущий, неотъемлемый

to officially force a rule , tax , punishment , etc. to be obeyed or received (ввести / навязать). Usually preposition ON is used

to represent a quality or an idea exactly (воплощать, олицетворять)

1) to start doing something with energy and enthusiasm

2) to criticize someone or something very strongly

to throw something away

to cause a lot of damage to something

to criticize something or someone severely

very seriously

to (cause to) move against a hard surface with force and usually a loud noise (хлопать)

1. to drink quickly, eagerly, and usually in large amounts
2. to eat something, especially noisily
3. a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people (пир)
4. to eat a lot of good food and enjoy it very much (полакомиться)

complicated details (сложность, запутанность, замысловатость)

doing something again and again, usually to improve it

to fasten, join, or connect something (прикрепить, приложить)

(риски, связанные с владением ее акциями)

to (cause something to) become firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed (пристегнуть, закрепить)

in a way that will not become loose (твердо, прочно)

not firmly held or fastened in place (свободный, рыхлый)

долголетие, долговечность

a request to the public for money, information, or help (

the act of politely or officially asking for something (просьба, запрос)

to say something in a loud voice

to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere (льстить)

or сгладить (to __ their earnings)

to jump out of an aircraft with a parachute because the aircraft is going to have an accident (спасти банки / экономику)

used when a person wants to reassure someone that there is no need to worry or be anxious

to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering (увольнять) (отвергать идею)

to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen (поощрять)

to comfort someone and stop them from worrying (успокоить, заверить)

glass / drink / cup

- to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way

- look thoughtfully for a long time at

(рассматривать(возможность), созерцать

ex:

- I'm contemplating going abroad for a year

- he contemplated his image in the mirrors

to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful (терпеть, выдерживать, переносить)

existing for a long time (непреходящий - Такой, к-рый не проходит, не утрачивается; постоянный)

вкупе с / наряду с

to state something is true (утверждать, подтверждать)

to give your support to a person, plan, idea, etc. for a second time; to state something as true again (подтверждать вновь)

to grow, develop, or be successful (процветать, развиваться)

not large in size or amount, or not expensive (скромный, умеренный)

(something that causes) difficult or unpleasant conditions of life, or an example of this (трудности, лишения)

a difficult or unlucky situation or event (невзгоды, несчастье)

взять финансовое бремя

difficult to fight against (подавляющий, огромный, непреодолимый)

(of a job, attempt, etc.) done very badly

(a medical operation that is done badly, causing problems for the patient)

to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat

to die or suffer badly from an illness

an unusual habit or part of someone's personality, or something that is strange and unexpected (причудливый, необычный)

Как бы ужасно это не звучало

унаследованный

подчеркивать

the ability to be happy, successful, etc. again after something difficult or bad has happened

(устойчивость, стойкость)

the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed

в пределах досягаемости

to continue making an effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time (продолжать упорствовать)

упорствовать в

отчаяние, безысходность

to very much respect and admire someone or something

If something speaks volumes, it makes an opinion, characteristic, or situation very clear without the use of words (говорить о много, говорить красноречивее всяких слов)

to get something from a particular place

формировать ландшафт

the particular physical form or appearance of something (форма, вид)

a plan for how something will happen

(соглашение, договоренность, расположение)

an agreement between two people or groups about how something happens or will happen

1) to say something or to make a sound with your voice (произнести)

ex:

he sat through the whole meeting without uttering a words (просидел все собрание не проронив ни слова

2) complete or extreme (полный, абсолютный, полнейший, совершенный)

ex:

utter confusion/misery/chaos

utter nonsense/rubbish/drivel

The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.

Lying back in the hot bath was utter bliss

a situation in which something starts to fail or lose value and gets more and more out of control

штопор, крутое пике

ex:

Share prices went into a tailspin when the CEO resigned

If a loud, deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake (отразиться, сказаться)

ex:

The narrow street reverberated with/to the sound of the workmen's drills

or

If an event or idea reverberates somewhere, it has an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group

ex:

News of the disaster reverberated around the organization.

The surge in US share prices reverberated across the globe

...

the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change

(честность, целостность)

...

the quality of feeling energetic, or the behaviour of someone who feels this way

(энтузиазм, задор)

...

enthusiasm, eagerness, energy, and interest (интерес, изюминка)

wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable

(жаждущий, нетерпеливый)

to be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough of something you need, such as money (обходиться)

Вилы

уютно, уютный, приятный

(especially of actions) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects

(радикальный, резкий, решительный)

фискальный кран

It's cheating. For example, if you say that a game was rigged, it means someone did something to ensure that their team won

used to describe a combination of things when it is very bad, harmful, or unpleasant

(нечестивый, порочный)

careful and avoiding risks

(осторожный, разумный, благоразумный)

(of something bad) getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way

(безудержный, необузданный)

хвастаться

...

something that is very easy to do: The exam was a piece of cake.

to stop doing something, especially working

останавливаться, прекращать работу

It's almost midnight - let's call it a day.

said as a way of telling someone to not give up, despite difficulties

Work can get tough in the middle of a term but hang in there and it'll be OK.

Help someone

To be very tired

to be involved in a difficult situation that you cannot get out of

1.

...

...

веревка, канат, трос

very forceful or energetic

(энергичный)

ex:

a vigorous debate

There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road.

He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.

not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it

(неохотно, с неохотой, без желания)

ex:

I was having such a good time I was reluctant to leave.

Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children.

She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida with her.

to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is

преувеличивать

conversation or reports about other people's private lives that might be unkind, disapproving, or not true

сплетни

to feel that something or someone is bad, wrong, etc

осуждать, не одобрять

ex:

The survey showed that 32 percent of respondents approve, 54 percent disapprove, and the rest are undecided.

a way of looking and behaving

(поведение)

ex:

There was nothing in his demeanor that suggested he was anxious

She has the demeanor of a woman who is contented with her life

"find out" means to learn or discover something, often by chance, and "figure out" means to solve something by using your mental abilities, including deductive and inductive reasoning

Обычно мы используем find out, когда подразумеваем, что информация поступает извне, то есть человек просто ее получает. Почти всю информацию мы получаем при помощи зрения и слуха, то есть, вы можете услышать её от кого-то, или прочитать, увидеть.

Figure out мы используем, когда получаем информацию при помощи умственной деятельности, логики, анализа и рассуждений.

случайно

(BE FRIENDLY)

ex:

If two or more people get along, they like each other and are friendly to each other

to make someone feel less sad or to become less sad

ex:

He cheered up at the prospect of a meal.

...

perfect happiness

блаженство

ex:

Lying on a sunny beach is my idea of sheer bliss

wedded/domestic bliss

used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except:

чистый, явный

ex:

The suggestion is sheer nonsense.

His success was due to sheer willpower/determination.

It was sheer coincidence that we met.

the ability to control your own thoughts and the way in which you behave

сила воли

the ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very difficult (решимость, решительность)

the happiness experienced by people who are married

nonsense or boring and unnecessary information

чушь, бред, чепуха

ex:

You don't believe the drivel you read on the internet, do you?

You're talking drivel as usual!

a sudden and great increase

всплеск, рост

ex:

An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash.

There has been a surge in house prices recently.

having a small distance from one side to the other, especially in comparison with the length

узкий, тесный

ex:

a narrow bridge/passage/gap

a narrow facen

arrow feet

The little village has very narrow streets

a usually long and narrow part of a building with rooms on one or both sides, or a covered path that connects places

проход

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

1) to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement

аплодировать, одобрять, поощрять

ex:

Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals.

He was cheering for the other side.

2) happy and positive

жизнерадостный, веселый, бодрый

ex:

He's usually fairly cheerful.

You're in a cheerful mood this morning.

She manages to stay cheerful (= happy and positive) despite everything.

wanting to have all of someone's attention and love; not willing to things

собственнический

sensible - based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding

разумный, здравомыслящий

sensitive - easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry

чувствительный

1) the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions

ex:

to show good/sound/poor judgment

I don't think you have the right to pass judgment (on others) (= to say whether you think other people are good or bad).

I'm going to reserve judgment (on the decision) (= not say whether I think it is good or bad) for the time being.

2) It proved difficult to come to/form/make a judgment about how well the school was performing.

ex:

It proved difficult to come to/form/make a judgment about how well the school was performing.

unwilling to obey rules to follow generally accepted standards of behaviour, dress, etc.

бунтарский, мятежный

to act according to what you have been asked or ordered to do by someone in authority, or to behave according to a rule, law, or instruction

подчиняться

ex:

The soldiers refused to obey (orders).

to obey the rules of international law

large and with a lot of space

просторный

ex:

a spacious house/living room

spacious accommodation

A bossy person is always telling people what to do

властный

ex:

Henry, who is extremely bossy, wants to be in charge.

She's strong without being bossy.

fashionable and attractive

attractive in an exciting and special way

wishing you had what another person has

завистливый

ex:

(envious of) I'm very envious of your new coat - it's beautiful.

A pale light or colour is not bright or strong or

used to describe a person's face or skin if it has less colour than usual, for example when the person is or ill or frightened, or if it has less colour than people generally have

бледный, тусклый

ex:

You're looking pale - are you feeling well?

She has a naturally pale complexion and dark hair.

She wore a pale blue hat.

pale winter sunlight

a very dark blue colour

темно-синий

обнадеживающий, надеющийся

having hope:

hopeful about He was hopeful about the outcome of the meeting.

hopeful of They were hopeful of a successful agreement.

hopeful (that) I'm hopeful (that) we can reach a compromise.

slightly grey in colour

сероватый

Someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe

напористый, утвердительный, самоуверенный

ex:

If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive.

SHOPS AND SERVICES

палатка

to go from one owner to another

ex:

That Italian restaurant is nowhere near as good since it changed hands.

to visit interesting places, especially when on holiday

(осмотреть достопремечательности)

the activity of traveling around a place to see the interesting things

the skill or work of making and repairing wooden objects

(плотник, плотницкие работы)

ex:

That staircase is a beautiful piece of carpentry

a person whose job is to supply and connect or repair water pipes, baths, toilets, etc

сантехник, водопроводчик

a large shop divided into several different parts, each of which sells different things

универмаг

тройной, в три раза

порог, пороговое значение / барьер, рубеж

a set of stairs inside a building, usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at the side for you to hold on to

(лестница)

to go or come down

спускаться

ex:

The path descended steeply into the valley. Jane descended the stairs.

the things needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils, and envelopes

(канцтовары)

1. a place where bread and cakes are made and/or sold (пекарня)
2. the work of preparing meat to be sold (мясник, мясная лавка, лавка мясника)
3. сеть магазинов
4. аптека
5. an event where people sell decorative objects that they have made by hand (ярмарка)
6. a small shop that sells high-quality foods, such as types of cheese and cold cooked meat, often from other countries, and, especially in the United States, sandwiches made using these foods
7. a store that sells tools and equipment for the house and yard/garden
8. магазин рыбы и морепродуктов
9. цветочный магазин
10. овощной магазин (овощи и фрукты)
11. парикмахерская
12. ювелирный магазин
13. прачечная (самообслуживания)
14. a large table or a small building that is open at the front, used for selling things (прилавки, рыночные прилавки)
15. газетный киоск
16. алкогольный магазин
17. магазин канцтоваров
18. туристическое агентство
19. химчистка

= close

ex:

Hotels are closing down all over the country

...

самообслуживание

same as open

ex:

Donald wants to retire and open up a bookshop

1) a short or medium-length hairstyle in which hair is parted (= separated) in the middle of the head and falls on each side of the face

2) шторы

to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits and how it looks

примерить

USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES

to plan or ogranize somethin in advance

(организовывать, устроить и тд)

a card that you show before you get on a plane or boat

посадочный талон

пункт назначения

the main street of a town, where most shops, banks, etc

to forget to take someone or something with you

рамка для фотографий

involving doing or saying the same thing several times, especially in a way that is boring

повторяющийся (однообразный)

раскрыть, выявить

to try very hard to do something when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems

бороться

that cannot be questioned or proved to be false

бесспорный, безоговорочный

that you do not want

подушка

small, plain and not costing very much

скромный, экономный, бережливый

not decorated in any way; with nothing added

простой

very beautiful and impressive

a person who owns or manages a hotel

a home for children whose parents are dead

a little strange

a machine in a vehicle used to make it move backwards

задний ход

транспортное средство

инсульт

in a way that involves buying or selling goods and services that are expensive and of high quality

престижный, элитный

the best example of its type

лучший

having a lot of money or owning a lot of things

богатый

glass that has been coloured and cut into various shapes to form pictures or patterns, used especially in church windows

витраж, витражное стекло

a window built into a roof to allow light in

световой люк / застекленная крыша

knowing a lot

знающий, опытный

someone or something that is new and different and makes everything seem more exciting

MORE WORDS IN FILE 1

to travel regularly to and from work

something that sounds depressingly

someone who is in control has the power to make decisions and decide what should happen

a light green colour with a cool, bluish undertone

мятно-зеленый

старомодный

normal or average, not unusual or special

the fact that you like something or someone more than another thing or person

предпочтение

ex:

Her preference is for comfortable rather than stylish clothes.

preference for I have a preference for sweet food over spicy.

personal preference Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal preference.

sexual preference It would be wrong to discriminate against a candidate because of their sexual preference (= the sex of the people they are sexually attracted to).

unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a change

беспокойный

HOLIDAYS

расческа

шлепки

обгореть на солнце

пут-е с гидом

тур, организованный турагентством, по фикс. цене. с включенными едой, отелем и переездом

holiday that you spend at or near your home

отправиться в плаванье на яхте

to swin under the water with a container of air on tour back and

scuba-diving с воздухом, погружаемся глубоко

snorkelling на поверхности с трубкой

путеводитель

фен

средство от насекомых

ножницы для ногтей

дождевик

загорать на пляже

плавки (муж)

зуб. щетка

полотенце

сумка с мыльно-рыльными принадлежностями

...

...

...

...

...

...

a border that surrounds and supports a picture, door, or window:

рамка

a picture frame

a long, flat board fixed horizontally, usually against a wall or inside a cupboard so that objects can be stored on it:

полка

a glass shelf

on a/the shelf Store the remaining mixture on the top/bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

One wall had shelves from floor to ceiling, crammed with books.

a frame or shelf, often formed of bars, that is used to hold things:

стойка, подставка, стеллаж

a vegetable racka plate racka luggage rack

светофор

to (cause to) curve:

согнуть, сгибать

The road bends to the left after the traffic lights.

сотканный, тканный

(a type of) woven material:

ткань, полотно

a piece/length of cloth

to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part, or to be able to be bent in this way:

складывать

fold something (in half) I folded the letter (in half) and put it in an envelope.

(be) neatly folded He had a neatly folded handkerchief in his jacket pocket.

fold something (up) Will you help me to fold (up) the sheets?The table folds up when not in use.

a line or mark where paper, cloth, etc. was or is folded:

складка, сгиб

Make a fold across the centre of the card.

to fasten or support something at the top leaving the other parts free to move, or to be held in this way:

вешать

hang around A heavy gold necklace hung around her neck.

hang (down) from Party decorations hung (down) from the ceiling. (свисали)

hang in The curtains hung in thick folds. (свисали)

hang something (up) Hang your coat and hat (up) on the rack over there.

Many of his finest pictures hang/are hung (= are attached to the wall so that they can be seen) in the National Gallery.

(1)

to hang loosely, or to hold something so that it hangs loosely:

болтаться, свисать

dangle from Loose electric wires were dangling from the wall.

He dangled the puppet in front of the children.

If a person tries to discover which way the wind blows/is blowing, they try to discover information about a situation, especially other people's opinions, before they take action:

куда/откуда ветер дует

I think I'll see which way the wind is blowing before I vote at the board meeting.

to use words that are rude or offensive as a way of emphasizing what you mean or as a way of insulting someone or something:

ругаться

It was a real shock, the first time I heard my mother swear.

When the cab driver started to swear at him, he walked away.

a container for waste

a person whose job is to empty people's dustbins and take the rubbish away

мусорщик

the process of getting rid of large amounts of rubbish by burying it, or a place where rubbish is buried

to cover or surround something with paper, cloth, or other material

обернуть, завернуть

to guess what someone will do in the future (сомневаться)

a period of time working as an apprentice

someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills (ученик, подмастерье)

courage or confidence of a kind that other people find shocking or rude

(смелость, дерзость)

the fact that something seems real and important, so that you feel involved with it

непосредственность

to cut and collect a grain crop

пожинать

(the total amount collected of) a plant such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable grown in large amounts

урожай

an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do some things that other people do, and that is usually permanent or lasts for a long time. This word is now considered offensive by many people, who prefer the word disability

инвалидность

to combine two or more separate things, especially pieces of text, to form a whole

смешивать

ex:

She conflated the three plays to produce a fresh new work

//

хищные птицы

AM stands for the Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday". This is the time before noon. PM stands for post meridiem or "after midday" – the time after noon

a long, flat, narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served

прилавок, стойка

ex:

behind the counter. There was nobody behind the counter when I went into the bank, and I had to wait to be served.

on the counter. You will find sausages on the meat counter

the area around a place or where the speaker is

окрестность, район

ex:

There are several hotels in the immediate vicinity of the station. (в непосредственной близости)

We could see that there were several open Wi-Fi networks in the vicinity.

Anyone who happened to be in the vicinity could have been injured or killed.

в первом случае

The difference between inquiry and enquiry is minor and deals with a nuance in meaning: inquiry is preferred for formal requests and official investigations. enquiry is much broader, referring to any requests, formal or informal

общие вопросы (запросы)

(the process of asking) a question

расследование запрос

ex:

inquiry about We've seen a rise in inquiries about insurance against flooding.

inquiry into I've been making inquiries into the cost of a round-the-world ticket.

formal Inquiry into the matter is pointless - no one will tell you anything.

(Расспрашивать об этом бессмысленно - никто вам ничего не скажет)

make an inquiry Having made further inquiries, we can confirm that the meeting did take place.

a piece of furniture or a space for storing things, with a door or doors and usually with shelves

шкаф

полки

сдавать что-то (например документы или работы)

header - заголовок

footer - нижний колонтитул

The header is the top part of a document that tends to be the same across all the pages of the document. A heading is a title within a document. In the attached picture the circled words are headings

Line spacing is the vertical distance between lines of text.

Single spacing is when lines of text have the minimum space between them

кусты

контролируется правилами

вредители

насекомые вредители

an area of land that has not been used to grow crops or had towns and roads built on it, especially because it is difficult to live in as a result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth

дикая местность, дикая природа

(n) a container with glass sides in which valuable or important objects are kept so that they can be looked at without being touched, damaged, or stolen (витрина)

(v) to show the best qualities or parts of something (демонстрировать)

to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be

вторгаться

ex:

I didn't realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding.

Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen.

(a place that gives) protection or shelter from danger, trouble, unhappiness, etc

убежище

например

An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned

врожденный

a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics

близость, сходство

ex:

She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water.

(v) to see something or someone for a very short time or only partly

случайно заметить

ex:

We glimpsed the ruined abbey from the windows of the train

(n) an occasion when you see something or someone for a very short time

быстрый взгляд, мимолетная картина

ex:

catch a fleeting glimpse of I only caught (= had) a fleeting glimpse of the driver of the getaway car, but I know I would recognize her if I saw her again.

the situation in which there is more than enough of something

избыток, изобилие

to become smaller, or to make something smaller:

сокращать, сокращаться, сжиматься

Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.

The company's profits have shrunk from $5.5 million to $1.25 million.

The productivity improvements have shrunk our costs by 25 percent.

a cover on a container, that can be lifted up or removed:

крышка

Can you get the lid off this jar?

Put a lid on the saucepan.

a glass or clay container with a wide opening at the top and sometimes a fitted lid, usually used for storing food: (стеклянный или глиняный контейнер с широким отверстием вверху, а иногда и с приделанной крышкой, обычно используемый для хранения продуктов питания)

банка

a jar of coffee/pickled onions

a jam jar

...

пробежка

легкая ходьба

прогулочная тропа

an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live

пригород

сосновый парк

полезная еда

containing or consisting of a shaped piece of soft material, either for comfort or to give something a particular shape

мягкий

споткнуться о

a very small organism that causes disease

микроб

a description of the main facts about something

or

the main shape or edge of something, without any details

a diagram (= simple plan) that shows the stages of a process

необходимость, нужда, надобность

вращение звезд

containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts

детально проработанный

(v) to add more information to or explain something that you have said

уточнить, разработать

скудный

to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction

бродить, блуждать

the way that something is arranged:

макет, расположение, планировка

I like the layout of the house.

Application forms vary greatly in layout and length.

встреча, запись (у врача)

Шварц назначает приемы с интервалом в 30 минут

hunger

a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens

голод

ex:

widespread famine Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.

die of famine There were reports of refugees dying of famine.

Thousands of people emigrated during the Irish potato famine of 1845–46.

any of various types of organisms that get their food from decaying material or other living things

грибок

ex:

Mushrooms and mould are fungi.

Fungus can be poisonous

резко контрастирует с

a valuable object that has been given by older members of a family to younger members of the same family over many years

реликвия

Heirloom plant - any plant cultivar that has been grown for a certain number of years and that breeds “true to type” from seeds, with each generation of the plant having the same combination of traits

a large building on a farm in which animals or hay (= dried grass) and grain are kept

сарай, амбар

to give something to someone else

передать, сдать

ex:

We were ordered to hand over our passports.

1) subtle, thin

2) fat, thick

...

to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size, or remove liquid from it

сжимать, выжимать

The term apparently comes from the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Dafoe and refers to the idea that he who is not born to any trade would be above common labor. Such a person would not stoop to such work as carpentry or shoemaking; he was born in a higher class.

Or perhaps...an idiot who can't learn a thing.

to be more than or not limited to something

выходить за рамки, не ограничиваться

ex:

The appeal of this device goes beyond convenience.

The behaviour of people with ADHD goes beyond occasional fidgeting or disorganization.

His sense of adventure went beyond a mere love of travel.

As a doctor, her focus goes beyond medicine to include all aspects of primary care.

having a lot to eat

an amount of something that can be held in one hand

На научные знания влияют убеждения всех заинтересованных лиц.

С социологической точки зрения, оппозиция фторированию не обязательно иррациональна. Скорее, претензии на рациональность и научный авторитет лучше рассматривать как часть стратегии по продвижению фторирования, а не как неопровержимые утверждения о фактах. Во-вторых, в любом решении о фторировании, скорее всего, будут присутствовать социальные ценности, так что это не тот вопрос, по которому заявления научных экспертов должны считаться последним словом.

Переведено с помощью DeepL.com (бесплатная версия)

претендовать на, претензии(я) на

to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it

утверждать

основание для возражения

an action that breaks a rule, law, etc

нарушения, посягательство

ex:

copyright infringement

infringement of Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished.

if something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law:

обязательный, принудительный

ex:

Swimming was compulsory at my school.

The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.

is an integrated process for examining social. issues, ideas and themes

что-то освобождено от чего-то

(1)assert yourself

to behave in a way that expresses your confidence, importance, or power and earns you respect from others:

самоутверждаться, заявить о себе

I really must assert myself more in meetings.

Don't be afraid to assert yourself and make your views clear.

Refusing to help with the housework was his way of asserting himself.

Things began to change when women asserted themselves politically.

Boarding school was a tough environment, and she quickly learned to assert herself.

(2)

to say that something is certainly true:

утверждать, что ...

[ + that ] He asserts that she stole money from him.

(3)

to do something to show that you have power:

assert your authority She very rarely asserts her authority over the children.

assert your right Throughout the Cold War, the Allies asserted their right to move freely between the two Berlins.

to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is:

преуменьшать, принижать (значение)

The government has been trying to downplay the crisis.

famous, respected, or important:

выдающийся, видный

an eminent historian

a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard:

недостаток, пробел, минус

Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, he was a good father to his children.

Like any political system, it has its shortcomings.

thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted:

сомнительный, подозрительный

These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven.

He has been associated with some dubious characters.

dubious distinction Ruth Ellis has the dubious (= bad) distinction of being the last woman to be hanged in Britain.

to not have or do something enjoyable:

отказываться, воздерживаться

forgo the pleasure of I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.

impossible to doubt because of being obviously true:

неопровержимый, неоспоримый

incontrovertible proof/evidence

Her logic is utterly incontrovertible.

closely connected or involved:

тесно связанно

The survival of whales is intimately bound up with the health of the ocean.

выпендриваться

a person who lives in a city, town, cave, etc.

житель

city dweller - городской житель

неровный

to break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way

трескаться раскалывать

(n)a very narrow space between parts of something

трещина

a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, that people walk on

тротуар

ex:

Keep to the pavement, Rosie, there's a good girl.

выравнивание

causing harm or damage:

вредный

detrimental effect/impact These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment.

detrimental to Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company.

providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist:

благоприятный, способствующий

ex

Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night's sleep.

A quiet room is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.

to (cause something to) shake or move from side to side in a way that shows poor balance

колебаться, вилять

ex

That bookcase wobbles whenever you put anything on it.

Don't wobble the table, please, Dan.

figurative The company's shares wobbled with the news of a foreign takeover bid.

(n) колебание, качание

an area of land, when considering its natural features:

местность, территория

ex:

The car handles particularly well on rough terrain.

губчатый, пористый, ноздреватый

a small piece of strong material that covers and protects part of a floor

ковер

ex:

Wipe your feet on the mat before you come inside.

the bottom part of the foot that touches the ground when you stand or walk, or the bottom part of a shoe that touches the ground, usually not including the heel:

подошва

ex:

a cut on the sole of her foot

shoes with rubber soles

a rounded stone used on the surface of an old-fashioned road:

булыжник

ex:

The cart rumbled over the cobbles.

голый

Naked is without clothes at all! And bare is regarding a body part; bare foot, bare hand, bare chest, etc! Nude is also without any clothing, but it's more formal!

грязь

бревна

мох, лишайник

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:

облегчить

The drugs did nothing to alleviate herpain/suffering.

беговые тренажеры

a person or group that supports an activity or organization, especially by giving money:

покровитель, клиент, покупатель

The Princess Royal is a well-known patron of several charities.

заниматься фитнесом/здоровьем в целом

so great in amount or level that it can not be measured or expressed in words

невыразимый, неисчислимый, неописуемый

Something or someone of consequence is important or valuable. If something or someone is of no consequence, or of little consequence, they are not important or valuable.

of cons - имеет значение; of no/little etc cons - не имеет значения

[formal]As an overseer, he suddenly found himself a person of consequence.

Where he is from is of no consequence to me.

to reach or succeed in getting something:

достигать, добиваться

He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.

We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.

India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear:

flee from She fled from the room in tears.

flee to In order to escape capture, he fled to the mountains.

бежать, сбежать, спасаться бегством

synonyms: abscond

a situation in which people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom:

угнетение притеснение

Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression.

War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes.

the oppression of women

an occasion when two or more things join or are combined:

слияние, сплав, объединение

nuclear fusion

Their music is described as "an explosive fusion of Latin American and modern jazz rhythms".

to include something as part of something larger:

включить, объединять

be incorporated into/in Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design.

This aircraft incorporates several new safety features.

able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality:

решительный

You need to be more decisive.

a decisive reply

or

strongly affecting how a situation will progress or end(сильно влияющие на то, как ситуация будет развиваться или закончится:):

решающий

These results could prove decisive in establishing the criminal's identity.

a decisive role

a decisive victory

the feeling of having a negative opinion of someone or something:

неодобрение, осуждение, несогласие

disapproval of Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion.

There was a note of disapproval in the teacher's voice.

необоснованные основания

to move or climb quickly but with difficulty, often using your hands to help you:

карабкаться, бороться

scramble up/over She scrambled up the steep hillside and over the rocks.

scramble into He scrambled into his clothes (= put them on quickly) and raced to get help.

scramble for As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers scrambled for the door (= tried to reach the door quickly).

If you unwind something that is wrapped around an object, you unfasten it, and if it unwinds, it becomes unfastened

раскрутить, расслабиться

In a nearby medical tent, a US Army doctor gently unwinds Metruk's bandage.

to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of force

a rocket propelled through space

The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power.

making you feel calm:

успокаивающий, успокоительный

I put on some nice soothing music.

Her words had a soothing effect.

a small field where animals, especially horses, are kept

not before a particular time or event:

не раньше чем

We didn't eat until past midnight.

Once he starts painting a room he won't stop until it's done.

He didn't learn to read until he was twenty.

It wasn't until August that we finally moved into the house.

You don't have to commit to the scheme until you've read all the documentation.

an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live

Пригород

домашние обязанности

to become tighter or to make something become tighter, firmer, or less easy to move

затягивать

Tighten the straps so they don't rub.

As he struggled, the ropes tightened even more.

Oh, and I do yoga, although that’s not very energetic—more a form of relaxation, and to tighten my muscles (IELTS)

the edge of a roof that sticks out over the top of a wall: (край крыши, выступающий над стеной:)

карниз

Icicles hung from the eaves. (Сосульки свисали с карнизов.)

after the time mentioned

после, потом, впоследствии

We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while.

They separated, and soon/shortly afterwards Jane left the country.

соответствует, согласуется с

consistent with What the witness said in court was not consistent with the statement he made to the police.

львиная доля

имеет большие перспективы, является весьма многообещающим

to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally:

обойти, перехитрить, обманывать

Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations

Похоже, что теперь есть способ обойти эти традиционные недостатки обучения.

пропускная способность

Blended approaches use multiple methods to deliver learning by combining face-to-face interactions with online activities.

to communicate information to someone:

сообщать

to impart the bad news

I was rather quiet as I didn't feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject

or

передавать, придавать

to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste:

impart something to something Preservatives can impart colour and flavour to a product.

a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things:

сарай

a tool/storage shed

UK a garden/bicycle shed

wood used as fuel for a fire:

дрова

We can use those old shelves as firewood.

the loud, rough noise that a dog and some other animals make

лаять

the hard outer covering of a tree

кора

I’ve noticed also that the university has a garden bin, for the smaller items — leaves and sticks and bark, and so on, so we can dispose of material in that, also.

садовый контейнер

objects positioned one on top of another (объекты, расположенные один поверх другого):

куча

a pile of books

a pile of dirty clothes

completely or extremely:

крайне, абсолютно

What an utterly stupid thing to do!

She was utterly devastated when her husband died.

clearly noticeable; that certainly exists:

отчетливый

There's a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.

distinct possibility There's a distinct possibility that I'll be asked to give a speech. (явная)

clearly separate and different:

The two languages are quite distinct from each other.

The dogs are of distinct breeds.

the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business:

cut/reduce/slash overheads The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as £2 billion.

high/big/increased overheads Many big companies have been hit by high overheads and falling sales.

low/small/reduced overheads

corporate/administrative/production overheads In an early restructuring move, the company is shutting stores and cutting administrative overheads.

overhead costs/expenses The merger cut overhead costs in half.

alone and unhappy; left alone and not cared for:

несчастный, одинокий

She looked a forlorn figure standing at the bus stop.

strength, energy, or enthusiasm

энергия, энтузиазм

almost

практически, фактически

Their twins are virtually identical.

That wine stain on my shirt has virtually disappeared.

пятно, краска

to leave a mark on something that is difficult to remove:

пачкать, окрашивать

Tomato sauce stains terribly - it's really difficult to get it out of clothes.

While she was changing the wheel on her car, her coat had become stained with oil.

Многие жители уже давно перебрались в крупные города.

Мы можем долго говорить про

живописный

a place where water naturally flows out from the ground:

источники

bubbling/hot/natural springs

to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider

quickly, without delay, or at the arranged time:

быстро, оперативно

We'll have to leave fairly promptly (= on time) if we want to catch that train.

We try to answer readers' letters as promptly (= quickly) as we can.

She promised she'd keep it secret and promptly (= immediately after) went and told Dad!

having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally:

His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.

The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.

The government has been ambiguous on this issue.

to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something:

выступать за

[ + -ing verb ] She advocates taking a more long-term view.

He advocates the return of capital punishment.

We will continue to advocate for a regional, cooperative approach to the construction project.

on or from the outside:

сущ: экстерьер, внешность, внешняя сторона; прил: внешний, наружный, посторонний

In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink.

exterior to Exterior to the main house there is a small building that could be used as an office or studio.

a large, strong building or group of buildings that can be defended from attack

крепость

to correct something or make something right:

исправить, исправлять, выпрямлять

I am determined to take whatever action is necessary to rectify the situation. (Я полон решимости)

Every effort is made to rectify any errors/mistakes before the book is printed.

the quality of being very large and special or beautiful:

величие, великолепие

grandeur of the silent grandeur of the desert

the grandeur of Wagner's music

готовность

very much:

дорого, нежно, дорогой ценой

She will be dearly missed by her family and friends.

We would dearly love to sell our house and move to France

the choice and meaning of the words used when you say or write something:

формулировка

Norman agreed that the wording of the advertisement was unnecessarily offensive and it was changed.

We don't yet know the exact/precise wording of the agreement.

to some degree:

несколько, немного, довольно, до некоторой степени

The resort has changed somewhat over the last few years.

She's somewhat more confident than she used to be.

We were somewhat tired after our long walk

completely destroyed:

опустошенный, подавленный, расстроенный

Thousands of people have left their devastated villages and fled to the mountains

used to address a man or a boy you do not like:

разрушитель

Cut it out, buster!

to divide into many pieces, or to divide something into many pieces / the separation of a country, group, etc into several smaller parts:

распад

The company has been broken up and sold off.

o give a lot of money or effort to something with the idea of making it successful:

вливать деньги

Most of the money raised by the new taxes will be poured into the arena project.

Or Trump example:

On top of that, we have millions people pouring into our country

Кроме того, миллионы людей стекаются в нашу страну

to get control of something, or to do something instead of someone else:

He’s taken over the spare bedroom for his model railroad.

She took over management of this department last winter.

They made changes the minute they took over.

Trump example:

They [illigal migrants] are taking over the towns, they are taking over buildings, they're going in violently

захватывают

ENTER

I looked through the window, but I didn't actually go in.

If part of something sticks out, it comes out further than the edge or surface.

торчать

His ears stick out a bit.

to (help someone or something to) escape from or leave a place:

помочь покинуть / выгнать

I left the door open and the cat got out.get someone/something out from something

A team of commandos got the hostages out from the rebel base.

TRUMP EXAMPLE:
They [migrants] are destroying our country. So we have to get them out, we have to get them out fast. (Они [мигранты] разрушают нашу страну. Поэтому мы должны выгнать их, и выгнать быстро.)

to make a person or place clean and tidy:

убирать, убираться

We'll go out as soon as I've cleaned up the kitchen.

I need to clean up (= clean myself or the place where I am) before we go out.

Clean yourself up a bit before dinner.

having everything ordered and arranged in the right place, or liking to keep things like this:

опрятный, аккуратный

The house was clean and tidy.

My flatmate isn't very tidy.

neat and tidy

a tidy solution

Mess or a mess is something or someone that looks dirty or untidy:

беспорядок, бардак

He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking.

UK Jem's house is always in a mess.

Go and clean up that mess in the kitchen.

UK Freddy can't stand mess.

mainly UK I look a mess - I can't go out like this!

My hair's such a mess today!

or

a confused or difficult situation

неприятность, путаница

She told me that her life was a mess.If he hadn't lied, he wouldn't be in this mess now.

...

reproduce

to show or do something again:

The new design unfortunately reproduced some of the problems of the earlier model.

to produce a copy of something, or to be copied in a production process:

His work was reproduced on leaflets and magazines.

They said the printing was too faint to reproduce well.

something that you hope to achieve:

стремление

I've never had any political aspirations.

It's a story about the lives and aspirations of poor Irish immigrants.

to use a success or achievement as a base from which to achieve more success:

основывать(ся), опираться

We must build on our reputation to expand the business.

A good relationship is built on trust.

a complaint, especially about unfair behaviour

жалоба, недовольство

A special committee has been appointed to handle prisoners' grievances.

Bill still harbours/nurses a grievance against his employers for not promoting him.

The small amount of compensation is a source of grievance to the people forced to leave their homes.

the act of insulting someone by calling them rude names

обзывательства

to cause people to be friendly with each other

сближать, мирить

The disaster brought the community closer together.

a serious promise (to give money; to be a friend etc.)

обещание, обет

[ + to infinitive ] All the candidates have given/made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.

Thousands of people made pledges (= promised to give money) to the charity campaign.

I give you this ring as a pledge of my everlasting love for you.

[ + to do sth ] a pledge to create jobs

He made a solemn pledge to the American people.

to promise seriously to do something or give something

давать обещание

Foreign donors have pledged $550 million.

He pledged his support to Mandela.

[ + to do sth ] He pledged to cut government salaries.

We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign.

If you join the armed forces, you have to pledge allegiance to your country.

So far, £50,000 has been pledged (= people have promised to pay this amount) in response to the appeal.

[ + to infinitive ] Both sides have pledged to end the fighting.

I've been pledged to secrecy.

...

to meet in order to do something or spend time together

встречаться

Jan and I are getting together next week for lunch.

to give someone or something to someone else

передавать (преступника, полномочия и т. д.)

The hijacker was handed over to the French police.

TRUMP EXAMPLE:

We did a phenomenal job with the pandemic. We handed them [american people] over a country where the economy and where the stock market was higher than it was before it. (Мы проделали феноменальную работу с пандемией. Мы передали им [американцам] страну, в которой экономика и фондовый рынок были выше, чем до нее.)

...

to say that someone deserves praise, approval, or honour for something they have done:

отдать кому-либо должное

He gave the board credit for supporting him as he made major changes.

You have to give credit to the other team for never giving up.

If a member of my team comes up with a great idea, I'm happy to give them the credit.

or

to think that someone has a good quality, when you later realize that they do not:

I gave him credit for better judgment than he showed.

I gave you credit for being kinder than that.

to be successful or happy again after a failure, disappointment, etc

оправиться, прийти в норму

After a terrible start the team bounced back and won the game.

наши позиции по вопросам

to care for a child until they are an adult, often giving them particular beliefs:

= raise = воспитывать, опекать

She was brought up by her grandmother.

They brought her up to be a Catholic.

[ + to infinitive ] David was brought up to respect authority.

to start to talk about a particular subject:

= talk / поднимать вопрос

She's always bringing up her health problems.

to complete the last part of something that you are doing:

= complete = закончить, завершить, добить

I want to finish off this essay before I go to bed.

to look for something on a computer or website by moving from general information to more detailed information:

погрузиться, детализировать

Many websites have some form of hyperlink navigation as you drill down.

...

Trump:

Countries that have been ripping us off for years

If a quality, principle, or idea goes out of the window, it does not exist any more:

исчезнуть

Then people start drinking and sense goes out of the window.

...

...

Trump:
They torn our country apart

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Trump:

It is not tied up in the Federal Government

сплошная ложь

to open something that is tied or fastened

расстегивать, развязывать

I took off my hat and undid my coat.

Can you undo this knot for me?

to get rid of the effects of something that has been done before

уничтожать сделанное, аннулировать

Some of the damage caused by pollution cannot be undone.

Harris: DJT hand selected 3 members of the US Supreme Court with the intention that they would undo the protections of Roie Wade. (Ди-джей Ти вручную выбрал трех членов Верховного суда США с намерением, что они отменят защиту Рои Уэйд)

в более чем 20 штатах

great trust or confidence in something or someone:

вера, доверие, верность

have faith in She has no faith in modern medicine.

great faith in You'll cope - I have great faith in you.

lose faith in After the trial, his family said they had lost all faith in the judicial system.

restore someone's faith in Politicians must start keeping their promises if they want to restore the people's faith in government.

выкидыш

to return an object to where it was before it was moved:

= replace = вернуть возвращать

Will you put the books back when you've finished with them?

Harris:

I pledge to you, when Congress passes a bill to put back in place the protections of Roie Wade, I will proudly sign it into law

If something is in place, it is in its usual or correct position:

The chairs are all in place.

He screwed the shelf in place.

There are elastic straps to keep the documents in place.

Her hair was held in place with a scarf.

Nurses had to pull his arm to put the bone back in place.

or

organized:

The arrangements are all in place for the concert next Thursday.

The vaccination programme is not yet in place.

A system of quotas was put in place to regulate the industry.

There is a plan in place to get aid to the regions that need it.

They quickly put a range of safety measures in place.

to intentionally annoy and upset someone by making unkind remarks to them, laughing unkindly at them, etc.:

насмехаться. syn: bait

The other kids used to taunt him in the playground because he was fat and wore glasses.

The youngest in the group was taunted mercilessly.

одна из причин

to make someone experience something unpleasant or difficult:

= bad experience =

I'm sorry to put you through this ordeal.

бессовестно

голосование, избирательный бюллетень

to save something, usually time or money, for a special purpose:

= save = отложить, откладывать

I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.

He tries to put some time aside every evening to read to the kids.

Trump:

We put the baby aside then we determine what we want to do with the baby

affecting everyone or everything within an organization, system, or society:

повсеместный

The proposed across-the-board cuts for all state agencies will total $84 million.

permission to stay in a country because you are escaping danger in your own country

убежище

to seek/apply for political asylum

to accuse someone of a crime in a law court

возбуждать уголовное дело, привлекать к ответственности

No one has been prosecuted for the murders.

Shoplifters will be prosecuted.

He was prosecuted for fraud.

Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be prosecuted under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987.

The victim has said that she will not prosecute.

придумали, разработали

to stop something from continuing or increasing

останавливать

The new procedures are intended to stem the flow of drugs into the country.

If an event runs on, it continues for longer than expected:

run on for The game/speech/discussion ran on for hours.

or

If time runs on, it seems to pass quickly:

time runs on Time's running on - let's get this job finished soon!

or

to talk for a long time, especially too long a time:

I know I sometimes run on a little when I talk about my job.

People were suprisingly willing to share their thoughts - some even had a tendency to run on.

or

If a machine runs on a supply of power, it uses that power to work.

работать на чем-либо (на батарейках и т. д.)

The scanner runs on mains electricity and batteries.

to use the phone to talk to someone:

= phone = позвонить (mostly us)

My dad called me up to tell me the good news.

to take part in something

участвовать

The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.

Harris:

Leader, who engages in solutions (Лидер, который принимает решения)

near in time or position:

под рукой, на пороге, не за горами.

help is at hand We want to ensure that help is at hand (= easily available) for all children suffering abuse.

I always keep a dictionary close at hand. Я всегда держу словарь под рукой.
Use whatever ingredients are at hand. Используйте ингредиенты, имеющиеся под рукой.
The harvest is near at hand. На пороге уборка урожая.

or AMERICAN

happening or present at this time:

существующие

The space shuttle crew must stay completely focused on the task at hand.

to speak or write to someone:

= SPEAK TO

He addressed a few introductory remarks to the audience.

You may address me as Ms Harris.

He likes to be addressed as "Sir" or "Mr Partridge

or

to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem:

= DEAL WITH

The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.

ЛИДЕР, КОТОРЫЙ НА САМОМ ДЕЛЕ РЕШАЕТ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

a very unpleasant experience

тяжелое испытание

a terrible ordeal

They feared he would not survive the ordeal.

She went through the ordeal of being interviewed by a panel of ten people.

to support an idea or a person who is being criticized

заступаться за кого-либо, отстаивать что-либо

[ often reflexive ] Never be afraid to stand up for yourself.

nice things that you say to someone, often because you want something from that person

лесть, самообольщение

I was really pleased when he said how well I'd done, because he isn't known for flattery.

...

to tear quickly and suddenly, or to tear something quickly and suddenly

рвать(ся), разрывать(ся)

She ripped her dress getting off her bike.

He ripped open the parcel.

His new trousers ripped when he bent down.

I ripped my shirt on a nail.[ + obj + adj ]

She excitedly ripped the package open.

The wind ripped the flag to/into shreds (= into little pieces).

to pull paper, cloth, etc into pieces, or to make a hole in it by accident

рвать, разрывать = DAMAGE SOMETHING

The nail had torn a hole in my skirt.

You have to be very careful with books this old because the paper tears very easily.

I tore my skirt on the chair as I stood up.

be torn out of/from A couple of pages had been torn out of/from the book.

or

If paper, cloth, etc tears, it becomes damaged because it has been pulled.

рваться

The paper is very thin and tears easily.

to move something towards yourself, sometimes with great physical effort:

тянуть тащить

Could you help me move this bookcase over there? You pull and I'll push.

He pulled the chair away from the desk.

He pulled the heavy box across the floor to the door.[ + obj + adj ] He pulled the door open.

The car was pulling a caravan.

pull something down The sun was so strong we had to pull down the blinds.

pull something out She pulled out the drawer.

If a vehicle pulls away, it starts moving:

отъезжать, сдвинуться с места

There was a roar and a cloud of smoke as the car pulled away from the traffic lights.

шторы

to give someone all of the money that you owe them, especially when you do not want to

погашать долг, расплачиваться

Come on, pay up!

Eventually they paid up, but only after receiving several reminders.

causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness // making you feel sad

трогательный, острый, горький, колкий, мучительный

It's a poignant story about a poor family's struggle to survive.

The photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days.

It is especially poignant that he died on the day before the wedding.

to show great respect for someone or something, usually in public

почитать, чтить, удостаивать

[ often passive ] He was honoured for his bravery.

She was honoured with an Oscar.

the movement of a military force out of an area

отступление

[ usually singular ] the withdrawal of troops

to pretend that an imaginary situation or event is really happening:

In the psychotherapy group, patients were free to play out their fantasies.

If a situation plays itself out, it develops until nothing more can happen, and it is no longer very important:

We were forced to stand back and let the crisis play itself out.

...

to avoid something by going around it:

обходить, объезжать

We took the road that bypasses the town.

The oil pipeline bypasses the protected wilderness area.

to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it:

отзываться с пренебрежением

be disparaged as The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.

[ often passive ] He is often disparaged by the critics.

to cause someone to become less respected:

унижать

The entire family was demeaned by his behaviour.

demean yourself I wouldn't demean myself by asking my parents for money.

to agree with a decision, especially a legal one, and say it was correct

подтверждать, утверждать = AGREE

The court upheld the ruling.

<=>

to support a decision, principle, or law

поддерживать, соблюдать, способствовать соблюдению = SUPPORT

Police officers are expected to uphold the law.

As a police officer you are expected to uphold the law whether you agree with it or not.

Judge Davis upheld the county court's decision.

to say that you think someone or something is not very good

отзываться с пренебрежением

[ often passive ] He is often disparaged by the critics.

Kamala:
John McCain that you have disparaged. (Джон Маккейн, которого вы так презираете.)

to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it:

преследовать, гнаться

The car was pursued by helicopters.

The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey.

He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police.

or

If you pursue a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time.

следовать курсу, придерживаться плана

She decided to pursue a career in television.

to make a person or an action seem as if he, she or it is not important:

принижать

Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he belittled her efforts.

Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued.

very bad:

мерзкий, отвратительный

lousy food/service

a lousy book

I had a lousy weekend.

I feel lousy - I'm going home.

lousy food/service

I felt lousy when I woke up this morning.

to remove something from something, or get rid of something

устранять, исключать

The doctor advised me to eliminate salt from my diet.

A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.

eliminate a possibility We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident.

eliminate someone from something The police eliminated him from their enquiries.

existing before something else

существовавший до чего-либо

a pre-existing medical condition

The drug should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease.

to put a limit on the amount of money that can be charged or spent in connection with a particular activity:

устанавливать лимит, ограничивать

High spending councils have all been (rate/charge) capped.

Our mortgage is capped at 8.75 percent for five years.

a trick in which someone tries to make people believe something that is not true

надувательство, ложная тревога, обман, мистификация

The police said the bomb threat was a hoax.

The bomb threat turned out to be a hoax.

hoax call He'd made a hoax call claiming to be the president.

Add to word list to raise a heavy object such as a car off the ground with a jack

(LIFT)

to increase the price of something suddenly and by a large amount:

резко повышать = Increase

Once the tourists arrive, the restaurants jack up their prices.

dishonest:

нечестный

crooked police officers

a crooked politician

or

not forming a straight line, or having many bends:

= BENT = кривой

You have to drive slowly on these crooked country roads.

His front teeth are crooked.

crooked teeth

наметить новый путь вперед

extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering:

страдание, мука

It's the anguish of knowing that I can do nothing to help.

His anguish at the outcome of the court case was very clear.

In her anguish she forgot to leave a message.

to hit someone with the flat, inside part of your hand

шлепать, хлопать, давать пощечину

She slapped him across the face.

She gave her son a slap for behaving badly.

пересказывая

...

a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, ox, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat:

крупный рогаты скот

beef/dairy cattle

a bull (= male cow) that has had its reproductive organs removed, used in the past for pulling heavy things on farms, or, more generally, any adult of the cattle family

бык

млекопитающие

полорогие - Полоро́гие (лат. Bovidae) — крупное семейство жвачных парнокопытных. К нему относятся антилопы, газели, быки, бараны и козлы.

копыто(а)

one of the sharp teeth at the front of the mouth that cut food when you bite into it

резцы. передние зубы

луга, кустарники или пустыни

a type of animal that brings up food from its stomach and chews it again, for example a cow, sheep, or deer

жвачное животное

to bring back swallowed food into the mouth:

извергать, срыгивать

Owls regurgitate partly digested food to feed their young.

клещ

неподвижно

подсказки, ключ, улика, ключ к разгадке, зацепка

Я был поражен

участки воды

If a road or path branches off, it goes in another direction:

отделиться

We drove down a narrow track that branched off from the main road.

тараканы

the action of spreading across or moving away over a large area, or of making people or things do this:

рассеивание, распространение

dispersal of We have seen the violent dispersal of crowds of protesters.

The seeds are adapted to dispersal by ants.

continuously since that time:

с тех пор, с момента

He's been depressed ever since he got divorced.

Eric had a bone marrow transplant five years ago and has been healthy ever since.

She's had an irrational fear of sharks ever since watching the film 'Jaws'.

We met at a party in 2005 and we've been together ever since.

He's been fascinated by insects ever since he was a child.

officially having the named position:

действующий, нынешний, занимающий должность

The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office.

запись нечеткая

clear and exact:

явный четкий

I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.

explicit about She was very explicit about (= said very clearly and exactly) what she thought was wrong with the plans.

make something explicit I wasn't aware that I would be paying - you certainly didn't make it explicit (= state it clearly).

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a process in which two people or groups become friendly again after they have argued

примирение (BECOME FRIENDLY)

to seek a reconciliation

the process of making two opposite ideas, beliefs, or situations agree

согласование (AGREE)

the reconciliation of facts with theory

(of a material) smooth, usually because of being made up of very small pieces:

мелкозернистый, тонкозернистый

Gas shale is fine-grained rock that contains methane.

The plaster is very fine-grained and gives a beautiful smooth, silky finish.

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to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change:

подвергаться, переносить

She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.

Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity.

The country is currently undergoing major political change.

He is undergoing surgery for a heart problem.

подростковый возраст

глубокий / глубинный

to make two different ideas, beliefs, or situations agree or able to exist together

примирять, совмещать

It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion.

How can you reconcile your love of animals with your habit of eating them?

It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion.

It's difficult to reconcile such different points of view.

How can you reconcile your fur coat and/with your love of animals?

When one amount outstrips another amount, it is much greater than it.

опережать, превосходить

Demand for the toys far outstrips supply.

The demand for food in the war zone now far outstrips supply.

therefore/ как таковой (может быть много значений)

to want something very much with a feeling of sadness

тосковать по чему-либо, жаждать сделать что-либо

They yearned for peace.

She yearned to get away.

Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval.

[ + to infinitive ] Sometimes I just yearn to be alone.

unfriendly, angry behaviour that shows that you dislike someone

враждебность

hostility towards outsiders

or

strong disagreement with something or someone

неприязнь

There is still open hostility to the idea.

moving into or through everywhere or everything

распространяющийся повсюду

a pervasive smell

the pervasive influence of television

пыльца

the child of a person or animal

отпрыск, потомок

to produce offspring

опыление

в пятьдесят раз.

to hide something

прятать, скрывать

The listening device was concealed in a pen.

She could barely conceal her irritation.

The listening device was concealed in a pen.

I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.

It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.

Is there something you're concealing from me?

...

гнездо

in a way that makes you feel surprised

удивительно, замечательно

She has remarkably good skin for her age.

to design or invent something such as a system, plan, or piece of equipment usually using your intelligence or imagination:

придумывать, разрабатывать

He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.

The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz.

to move about searching for things you need, especially food

разыскивать

Chimpanzees spend most of the day foraging for fruit, leaves, and insects.

forage for The children had been living on the streets, foraging for scraps.

The pigs foraged in the woods for acorns.

The chef offers special dishes of wild and foraged foods, including wood pigeon and snails.

крупномасштабная вырубка

to separate and go in different directions, or to make something do this

рассеивать(ся)

We waited until the crowds had dispersed.

компенсировать, возмещать, сводить баланс

to appear as a large, sometimes frightening shape

принимать угрожающий размер вид, маячить

Dark storm clouds loomed on the horizon.

выкидыш

выдохнуть

upsetting or worrying:

огорчительный, огорчающий, внушающий беспокойство

The news reports about the famine were very distressing.deeply distressing It was deeply distressing for him to see his wife in such pain.

голод

переосмыслить

выскочили, неожиданно возникли (прыщи и тд)

плод (ребенок)

мертворождение

used to emphasize how small, rare, etc. something is, so that it almost does not exist :

There is only a vanishingly small chance that the dispute will end peacefully.

распространенность

informally and in a way that is more suitable for use in speech than in writing:

В разговорной речи, в просторечии

Colloquially referred to as a "brain attack", a stroke occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is interrupted.

Jardine writes clearly and colloquially for the non-academic reader.

the large size or importance of something

важность, значительность

People were still unaware of the magnitude of the problem.

useful and enjoyable, despite needing a lot of effort

стоящий, стоит того

It's a difficult course but it's very worthwhile.

used to make clearer or more particular something that you have already said:

А именно, то есть, то бишь

She's starting to see the effects of the disease, to wit: her memory is less reliable and she can't always find her way home after going somewhere.

К слову, я мог бы быть более подготовленным к своему положительному ICP-тесту, если бы прочитал немного дальше:...

in a way that is famous for something bad:

печально известно, общеизвестно

The game is notoriously difficult to play.

He was involved in crime - most notoriously, a series of armed robberies.

затмить

тень

средство (=решение / лекарство)

an expert in a subject who often gives their opinions on television, radio, etc

специалист, эксперт

a political pundit

careful to look at or consider every part of something to make sure it is correct or safe

тщательный, строгий

rigorous testing

a rigorous medical examination

boring:

утомительный, нудный, скучный

a tedious jobThe problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.

a roughly cut piece:

a chunk of cheese/meatpineapple/tuna chunks

a large piece of something

ломоть, большой кусокa (= PIECE/PART)

chunk of cheese

...

...

an effort or attempt to do something:

попытка, старание; стремление; усилие; энергичная попытка

[ C ] Writing is a very different endeavor than teaching.

to try to do something:

стараться, прилагать усилия, пытаться, стремление, попытка, старание

I endeavored to explain the legal consequences of his action.

to continue to keep something

сохранять, удерживать

Will this beauty queen retain her crown?

If something unpleasant piles up, you get more of it.

накапливаться

My work's really starting to pile up.

to say the same thing many times:

I know I sound like a broken record but I'll say it again—this is the most underrated comedy on TV.

You're such a broken record. We're tired of hearing it!

He'd walk around the house repeating his favourite sayings like a broken record.

(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail:

крепкий, здоровый

He looks robust and healthy enough.

a robust pair of walking boots

a robust economy

...