final 2 Flashcards

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by

Renal insufficiency occurs when _____ of the nephrons are not functional.

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?

Total body water in older adults is

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone-related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

A common component of renal calculi is

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

It is true that epidural bleeding is

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Legionnaires disease is characterized by

presence of systemic illness.

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

Diarrhea causes

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with pneumonia, the nurse replies

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

The most common type of renal stone is

Proto-oncogenes

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

The final step in clot formation is

Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have

Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to

The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called _____ pressure.

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

A known cause of hypokalemia is

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is