Final check your understanding Flashcards

TRUE/FALSE
When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic

The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to

A ureterocele is

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

Pain

Purpura

Pallor

Pulselessness

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Cor pulmonale refers to

The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

Tophi are

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

118/78

128/82

140/88

138/94

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

The final step in clot formation is

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

It is true that scleroderma involves

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place.

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

The most common source of osteomyelitis is

TRUE/FALSE

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions.

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes

A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for

The effects of histamine release include

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

It is true that fibrocystic breast disease

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

Which causes vasoconstriction?

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual’s response to surgical stress?

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

The physiologic mechanisms involved in the pain phenomenon are termed

The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as

It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because each stage provides an opportunity for

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term ‘prerenal,’ the nurse responds

The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

Viral pneumonia is characterized by

Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

It is true that biliary cancer

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃ ^– = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by

What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

Bone healing may be impaired by

A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of

Most gallstones are composed of

TRUE/FALSE
The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Asymptomatic sinus bradycardia at a heart rate of 50 beats/minute

Fever-induced tachycardia at 122 beats/minute

Premature atrial complexes occurring every 20 seconds

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client’s report of dysphagia?

The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves

What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

Empyema is defined as an

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage

A 5-year-old patient’s parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child’s most likely diagnosis is

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)

The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

Pain is thought of as

Allostasis is best defined as

The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

TRUE/FALSE

Erection requires the release of nitrous oxide into the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by

It is true that Graves disease is

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Which alterations can lead to edema?

In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is

Endometriosis is a condition in which

What is the most likely explanation for a diagnosis of hypernatremia in an elderly patient receiving tube feeding

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease attributed to

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence

Hyperaldosteronism causes

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

A common component of renal calculi is

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is

A patient presents to the physician’s office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults

The most common type of osteomyelitis is

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to

First-degree heart block is characterized by

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on

TRUE/FALSE

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes

It is true that encephalitis is usually

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by

“Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me,” says another nurse. “Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?” Your best response is

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves