Enteropathic arthritis is associated with
inflammatory bowel disease.
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be
systemic manifestations of inflammation.
The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are
degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium.
The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is
air embolus.
To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should
avoid sun exposure.
Pain in fibromyalgia involves
changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord.
In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with
systemic aching in the musculoskeletal system.
Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by
inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.
The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called
tophaceous gout.
Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to
initiate action to have the cast split or removed.
Pain that waxes and wanes and is exacerbated by physical exertion is likely related toGroup of answer choices
fibromyalgia syndrome.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease attributed to
autoimmune mechanisms.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manageGroup of answer choices
myasthenia gravis.
A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is
positive antinuclear antibodies.
The pain of nonarticular rheumatism (“growing pain”) is worse
during the night.
The most common type of osteomyelitis is
hematogenous.
The most common source of osteomyelitis is
an infection that migrates via the bloodstream.
The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is
polyarthritis.
Gouty arthritis is a complication of
inadequate renal excretion of uric acid.
“Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me,” says another nurse. “Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?” Your best response is
“No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone.”
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include
acute hypertension.
Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed
generalized.
The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure isGroup of answer choices
cerebral vasodilation.
Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of
noncontractile tissue injury.
________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.
Nystagmus
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include
left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are
genetically transmitted.
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which
focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.
Which treatment is helpful in neuropathic pain but not used for acute pain?
Anticonvulsants
Parkinson disease is associated with
a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with
meningitis.
Secondary injury after head trauma refers to
brain injury resulting from the body’s response to tissue damage.
Pain is thought of as
a subjective experience that is difficult to measure objectively.
It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because each stage provides an opportunity for
intervention.
It is true that epidural bleeding is
characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury.
Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include
rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
Modulation of pain signals is thought to be mediated by the release of
endorphins.
Most sensory afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord by way of the ________ nerve roots.
posterior
Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called
malunion.
A patient presenting with a severe, pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a ________ headache.
migraine
Ankylosing spondylitis causes
intervertebral joint fusion.
The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is
Raynaud phenomenon.
One of the most common causes of acute pain is
headache.
A risk factor for osteoporosis is
early menopause.
A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of
tender point pain.
A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is
broken and protruding through the skin
Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of
immune injury to basement membranes.
The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves
inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.
Most muscle strains are caused by
abnormal muscle contraction.
What type of fracture generally occurs in children?
Greenstick
The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves
immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage.
The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are
degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium.
Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with
basilar skull fracture.
A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) may be
sluggish pupil response to light.
Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mm Hg.
0 to 15
In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of
estrogen deficiency.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is
intracranial hemorrhage.
The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will
decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord.
The physiologic mechanisms involved in the pain phenomenon are termed
nociception.
Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt
within the same dermatome.
Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be
hypoventilation.
The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.Group of answer choices
threshold
A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.
3
Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of
vitamin D.
The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as
Paget disease.
“Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up,” asks the client. The nurse’s best response is
uric acid.
The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is
bone pain.
Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of
hematogenous transfer.
A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)
osteosarcoma.
The most common site affected in Paget’s disease is the
lower spine.
Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called
bursitis.
Systemic disorders include
rheumatoid arthritis.
The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is
rickets.
Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by
hypertension and bradycardia.
Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of
Parkinson disease.
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?
Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response
The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including
deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because
demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.