closed fracture
the bone breaks but does not puncture through the skin and protrude through to the outside
open fracture
bone breaks and punctures through the skin protruding to the outside of the body
comminuted fracture
is when the bone breaks in multiple areas
greenstick fracture
when part of the bone bends and does not fully break; often seen in kids bc their bones are flexible, softer, and still developing
spiral fracture
bone is twisted or rotated like a corkscrew
avulsion fracture
a tendon or ligament is taxed and pulled too hard causing it to pull away and break the bone
oblique fracture
a break at an angle caused by the outside force coming at a right angle to the bone
transverse fracture
the fracture is perpendicular to the shaft of the bone
pathological fracture
caused by diseases making the bone so weak that it may break without warning simply by putting minimal pressure to it