what elements make up 96% of living things?
HONC
what two particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
the nucleus
the center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
what makes the center of an atom stable
equal or one extra neutrons to protons (equal or close to equal)
what is an isotope
the same atom with different charges (neutrons) - has the same number of protons
what is an ion
an atom that carries a positive or negative charge
what makes a neutral atom
equal # of electrons and protons
what is the equation for mass
mass= protons + neutrons
what happens if you add a proton
the element name changes, mass increases, charge increases, and the atomic number goes up
what happens if you remove a neutron
mass decreases
what happens if you remove an electron
charge increases
what happens if you add an electron
charge decreases
an atoms has the same number of protons and electrons so it
dose not have a charge
+Ion
more P than e-
-Ion
more e- than P
proton
an atomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
an uncharged atomic particle
electron
a negatively charged subatomic particle
atom
a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element
charge
a physical property of matter
neutural
when an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons
atomic mass
the mass of an atom
element
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
orbital (energy shell)
the location of electrons in an atom
# Protons
atomic number
# of electrons
# of protons
# of neutrons
atomic # - atomic mass
proton charge
+
Electron charge
-
neutron charge
neutral
positive ion
lost electron
negative ion
gained electrons
valence electron
the electrons in the outer shell
valence shell
the outer shell
compound
a substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements
ionic bond
electrons are transferred from one atom to another (give/take)
covalent bond
electrons are shared between atoms
chemical reaction
a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
reactants
elements/compounds that go into a chemical reaction
products
elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction
conservation of mass
the mass is the same for the reactants and the products
balanced chemical equation
both sides of the equation have the same number and type of each atom
acids
produces H+ ions, and the PH<7
bases
produces OH- ions, and the PH>7
PH
the measurement of the concentration of H+
indicator
a substance whose solution changes color due to pH levels
buffer
a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
polar molecule
a molecule where the charges are unevenly spread out
polar covalent bond in water
when electrons are unevenly shared between the hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule
hydrogen bond
weak attraction between molecules of different substance
cohesion of water
an attraction between molecules of the same substance
adhesion of water
an attraction between molecules of different substances
surface tension
the way the molecules in the surface of a liquid stick together so that the surface is held together by cohesion
temperature moderation
water's ability to maintain a fairly consistent temperature
density of water
water has different densities in different forms
solute
what is dissolved in a solution
solvent
what does the dissolving in a solution