Pa Flashcards


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1

Anatomy landmarks

  1. xiphoid process
  2. umbilicus
  3. costal margins
  4. iliac crests
  5. pubic bone

2

Organs that don't belong using the quadrant method are:

  1. Abdominal aorta
  2. urinary urinary bladder
  3. uterus

3

What Forms when ribs articulate with the vertebra

Costovertebral angle

4

Increase stress levels cause

  • Gastritis
  • gastric or duodenal ulcers
  • ulceratice colitis

5

Common risk factor for depression and withdrawal are

Gastrointestinal surgery

6

Which ethnicity has an increase chance of colorectal cancer ?

- African American

7

Which ethnicity have increase chance or h-pylori ( peptic ulcer disease) ?

- African American

- Mexican Americans

8

pulsations and wave life movement below xiphoid process are normal finds for ?

Thin adults

9

Order of PA for abdomen

  1. Survey
  2. map abdomen
  3. auscultate
  4. palpation

10

Flat, rounded and scaphoid contour are

Normal findings

11

Protuberant on toddlers and pregnancy are

Normal findings

12

Protuberance on other individuals may indicate?

  • Obesity
  • ascites

13

Flat ( straight horizontal) are

Normal finding

14

Protrubance are expected for individuals with

Pregnancy or toddler

15

Rounded (convex abdomen ) horizontal line now curve outward are due to

Increase fat or decrease muscle

16

Scaphoid (concave) horizontal line now curve toward vertebral column is expected findings for

Thin individuals

17

Umbilicus expected findings are

- no discharge

- must be in the center

-it maybe be inverted or protruding

18

Protruding or displacement in pregnancy is a

Normal finding

19

Umbilical that are protruding or displaced for non pregnant is due to ?

Abdominal mass

distended urinary bladder

20

Drainage in the umbilical can be possible signs of ?

Infection or complications from laparoscopy

21

Priority for the nurse if drainage is detected in the umbilicus ?

Call Provider

22

Displace or protruding umbilical on a child is a ________?

Hernia

23

Taut and glistening are expected findings of

Ascite

24

Lesions, Macule, mole and freckles

Normal finding

25

Use tangential light across the abdomen shows shadows indicating

Bulges or masses.

26

Bulges can be ?

- tumors

-cyst

-hernias

27

When using tangential light make patients to take a deep breath to

Accentuate masses

28

Pulsation in the abdomen can indicate

Aortic aneurysm

or

increase pulse pressure

29

Increase peristaltic activity can indicate

Gastroenteritis or obstructive process

30

Peristaltic waves are normal with

Thin individual

31

The pattern to auscultate vascular sounds are

midline below xiphoid process and side to side.

32

Aorta sounds are below

Xiphoid process

33

Vascular sounds are located

-iliac

-renal

-femoral artery

-aorta

34

To auscultation vascular sounds, what side of the sethoscope do you use ?

Bell

35

What are Friction rubs?

Organs rubbing on peritoneum

36

Grating and coarse like sounds are

Friction rubs

37

Pulsation and blowing sounds

Bruit

38

hum (soft) and low pitch

Venous

39

arterial occlusion

Bruit

40

portal tension

Venous

41

To detect friction rubs proceed through each quadrant and listen over the

Liver and spleen

42

Normal bowel sounds

  1. Irregular
  2. hight pitch
  3. gurgling

43

Frequent sounds pt who haven't ate

Borborygmi

44

Loud and increase pitch and rushing

Hyperactive bowel

45

Gastrointestinal and diarrhea

Hyperactive bowel

46

Slow sluggish sounds

Hypoactive

47

Hypoactive bowel can indicate

  1. End stage of obstructions
  2. abdominal surgery ( common)

48

Absent bowel sounds can indicate

paralytic ileus

49

Auscultation for bowel sounds in which side of the stethoscope?

Diaphragm

50

How long do you auscultate bowel sounds ?

At least 60 sec.

51

Borborygmi is a normal finding true or false ?

True this occurs due to patient not eating for a couple of hours

52

Muscle tightness or guarding indicates

Abdominal pain

53

Involuntary of abdominal muscles associated with peritonitis

Guarding

54

Masses, tumors or obstruction can be palpated true or false ?

True

55

Women uterus is palpable true or false ?

True

56

Mass LLQ

Stool on colon

57

Bimanual technique is used for

Obese pt

58

Pancreas is non palpable or palpable

Non Palpable

59

Palpate for rebound tenderness pt shouldnt feel

sharp / pain

60

Palpating for rebound tenderness and pt feels sharp pain it's indication of

Blumberg sign

61

sharp pain as the compressed area returns to a non compressed state and requires immediate attention?

Blumbergs sign

62

pain in RLQ upon palpation of the LLQ

Rousings sign

63

Peritoneal irritation in the appendicitis is referred to ________?

Rousings sign

64

What's test is used for suspected appendicitis?

Psoas sign

65

Pain in the peritoneal inflammation or appendicitis

Psoas sign

66

what test can detect pain in cholecystitis ?

Murphy sign

67

Located in the epigastrium and around the umbilicus

Venous

68

Locations in the

  • midline of xiphoid (AORTA)
  • l/r coastal boarded at midclavicular line (RENAL)
  • l/r abdomen at midclavicular btw umbilicus and anterior iliac spine (COMMON ILLIAC)

Systolic bruit

69

Vaguely palpable sensation in the epigastric region may be

Pancreatic in origin

70

Abdominal distention is due to ?

  1. Obesity
  2. gaseous distention
  3. abnormal tumor
  4. ascites

71

Percussion - Normal tympanic sounds

Obesity

72

Percussion- tympanic over a large area

Gaseous distention

73

Percussion- dull

palpation- firm

Abnormal tumor

74

Dullness in the lower abdomen

Ascites

75

Increase production of gas in the intestine due to food

Gaseous distention

76

Gaseous distention is caused by ?

  • Paralytic ileus
  • intestinal obstruction

77

Abdominal distention

Abnormal tumor

78

Abnormal tumor is caused by ?

  • Ovarian
  • uterine tumors

79

Accumulation of fluid, protuberance like bulging flasks caused by?

Ascites

80

Ascites is caused by?

  • Cirrhosis
  • chf
  • nephrosis
  • peritonitis
  • neoplastic disease

81

RLQ

Appendicitis

82

RUQ

Cholecystitis

83

LLQ

Diverticulitis

84

IBS also known as SPASTIC COLON can be located in which quadrant?

LLQ

85

Don't palpate in suspected Appendicitis, dissecting abdominal, aortic aneurysm, polycystic kidney and transplanted organs T/F?

True

86

ALL 4 QUADRANTS ARE AUSCULTATED FOR A TOTAL OF 5
MINUTES BEFORE DOCUMENTING __________ ?

ABSENT BOWEL
SOUNDS

87

Pain that may radiate to the right.
shoulder or subscapular region ?

Pain from gallbladder disease

88

Pain that may radiate to the back?

Pain from pancreatitis

89

Common complaints of weight loss,
dysphagia, and pain on swallowing

ETOH abuse, smoking and poor oral
hygiene are predisposing factors.

Common in Male

Cancer of the Esophagus

90

Weight loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
abdominal distention and bleeding are
common complaints

Cancers of the GI Tract

91

Predisposing factors include poor dietary habits
and chronic constipation

Change in bowel habits or patterns is
characteristic with any location

In many cases, intestinal obstruction occurs

Colorectal Cancer

92

Occurs at the umbilicus
- Abdominal rectus
muscle separates or
weakens, allowing
abdominal structures,
usually intestines, to
push through and come
closer to the skin
- More common in
children

Umbilical Hernia

93

also known as incisional
hernia because occurs at
the site of an incision
- An incision weakens the
muscle and the abdominal
structures move closer to
the skin
- Causes include obesity,
repeated surgeries,
infection during post-op
period, impaired wound
healing & poor nutrition

Ventral (Incisional) Hernia

94

Weakening in the
diaphragm that
allows a portion of
the stomach & the
esophagus to move
into the thoracic
cavity

Hiatal Hernia

95

ingests food or water that is contaminated with
the feces of an infected person.

Hep A

96

The disease is
closely associated with unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation and poor personal hygiene.

Hep A

97

The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood
or other body fluids of an infected person

LIFE THREATENING

Hepatitis B

98

it can cause
chronic infection and puts people at high risk of
death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hepatitis B

99

bloodborne virus and the most common modes of
infection are through unsafe injection practices;
inadequate sterilization of medical equipment in
some health-care settings; and unscreened blood
and blood products.

Hepatitis C

100

the virus can cause both acute
and chronic hepatitis infection, ranging in severity
from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious,
lifelong illness.

Hepatitis C

101

Hep A, B, C and E are not caused by the LIVER T/F?

False, it caused by the liver

102

passed on through contact with
infected blood?

Hepatitis D

103

It only occurs in people who are
already infected with the hepatitis B virus?

Hep D

104

E virus is transmitted mainly through
contaminated drinking water.

Hep E

105

self-limiting infection and resolves within 4–6
weeks

Hep E

106

ranging in severity
from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious,
lifelong illness.

Hep C

107

Occasionally, a fulminant form of hepatitis
develops (acute liver failure), which can lead to
death.

Hep E

108

It
is a major global health problem.

Hepatitis B

109

It can cause
chronic infection and puts people at high risk of
death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hepatitis B