name and write the formula of the ion that makes a solution acidic.
Hydronium ion H3O+
name and write the formula of the ion that makes a solution basic.
Hydroxide ion OH-
Muriatic acid is used to adjust the pH of swimming pools. What is the formula of muriatic acid?
Does the pH of the swimming pool increase or decrease as a result of adding muriatic acid? Explain
Formula is HCl
The pH of the pool will decrease. The hydrogen ions in the pool make the solution acidic which will cause the decrease in pH level.
Battery acid is a rather concentrated solution of sulfuric acid. What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
Aqueous salt solutions often are not neutral with respect to pH. Explain.
The pH can't be neutral because when salt is dissolved in water, acid and base is formed which could either be too weak or too strong causing the disruption of neutrality.
Milk of magnesia is used as a laxative and to treat upset stomachs. What is the formula of milk of magnesia?
Mg(OH)2
Washing soda is often added to detergent formulations to make the wash water more basic. What is the formula of the anhydrous form of washing soda?
Does it increase or decrease the pH of the wash water? Explain.
Na2CO3
It increases the pH of the wash water because it's created from a strong base and weak acid. Hydroxide ion will cause the ph to increase.
Three solutions have the following pH:
• Solution 1 : pH 7.4
• Solution 2 : pH 10.6
• Solution 3 : pH 3.7
a. Which solution contains the highest H30'^ ion concentration? _
b. Which solution is the most acidic? _
c. Which solution is the most basic? _
1) The lower the the pH the higher concentration- Solution 3
2) Most acidic is the one with the lowest pH- Solution 3
3) The most basic is the one with the highest pH- Solution 2
Metallic ions with a higher positive charge are more strongly hydrated and tend to be more acidic in solution. Comparing a 0.12 M FeCl3 solution to a 0.12 M FeCl2 solution, which solution would have a lower pH? Explain.
FeCl3 has the lower pH. The higher the charge the more likely it is to be acidic. The more acidic it is the lower the pH. So Fe in FeCl3 has a 3+ charge which is higher than the 2+ charge in FeCl2
a. Nickel(II) chloride dissolves in water to form a light green solution. What ions are present in solution—that is, what is “swimming around” in the aqueous solution?
Write the formulas.
The ions in solution are Ni2+(aq) and Cl- (aq)
NiCl2 (aq) ->Ni2+(aq) + 2 Cl- (aq)
Sodium carbonate dissolves in water to form a colorless solution. What ions are in solution?
Write the formulas.
The ions in solution are Na+ (aq) and CO3 2-(aq)
Na2CO3 (aq) -> 2 Na+ (aq) + CO3 2-(aq)
When solutions of nickel(II) chloride and sodium carbonate are combined, a green nickel(II) carbonate precipitate forms. What is the formula of the precipitate? See Appendix E.
NiCO3 is the formula
NiCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ----> NiCO3 (s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Write the ionic equation representing ( 1 ) the reactants as they exist in solution before the reaction and ( 2 ) the products as they exist in solution after the reaction. See equation 6 . 9 .
Ni2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + CO3 2- (aq) ->
NiCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
What spectator ions remain in solution in the reaction mixture?
The spectator ions in solution are 2Cl-(aq) and 2Na+(aq)
Write the net ionic reaction that accounts for the appearance of the precipitate. See equation 6 . 10
Ni2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + CO3 2- (aq) ->> NiCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq)+ 2Cl-(aq)
Becomes Ni2+(aq)+CO32^−(aq)→NiCO3(s)