Mid term Check Your understanding Flashcards

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, “Why is my chest so big and round?”, the nurse responds that

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include

Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will

A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, “My feet swell if I eat salt but I don’t understand why” The nurse’s best response isCorrect!

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII.

A patient with flail chest will demonstrate

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse’s best response is

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.

An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.

The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor

Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with

Metaplasia is

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes

A patient, who is 8 months pregnant, has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly

Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Croup is characterized by

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

Pulse pressure is defined as

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

Which causes vasoconstriction?

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative ofCorrect!

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

Peripheral edema is a result of

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

Viral pneumonia is characterized by

Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

When preparing for the admission of a client diagnosed with bronchiectasis, the nurse will

Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

Somatic death refers to death

A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.You Answered

Which pulmonary function test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma?

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

Legionnaires disease is characterized by

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

In general, with aging, organ size and function

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

Neuromuscular disorders impair lung function primarily because of

Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?

Which alterations can lead to edema?

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

The arterial oxygen content (CaO₂) for a patient with PaO₂ 100 mm Hg, SaO₂ 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor

What form of oral rehydration, bottled water or salty broth, is best suited for a patient who is demonstrating signs of clinical dehydration?

Cor pulmonale refers to

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

When a parent of a toddler recently diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia asks why their child is so much sicker than a classmate was when they were diagnosed with pneumonia, the nurse replies

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of

The primary cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃ ^– = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is

Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?

Obstructive disorders are associated with

An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed

When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic

A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop

Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of

A patient presents to the physician’s office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.

Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

Allostasis is best defined as

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

Which alterations can lead to edema?

Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

Which complication of asthma is life threatening?

A patient exhibiting respiratory distress as well as a tracheal shift should be evaluated for

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is

When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, “Why is my chest so big and round?”, the nurse responds that

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

A major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

The effect of stress on the immune system

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

Mitral stenosis is associated with

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

The characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis include

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

The effects of histamine release include

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular compartments is

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

The final step in clot formation is

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

Which disorder is caused by inhalation of organic substances?

A known cause of hypokalemia is

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused byYou Answered

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome isYou Answered

Hypernatremia may be caused by

Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax?

Air that enters the pleural space during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration creates a condition called

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse. Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, “My feet swell if I eat salt but I don’t understand why” The nurse’s best response is

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?