Anatomy Flashcards

1.

Which of the following embryonic tissues develops into the adult brain?
a.
endoderm
c.
mesoderm
b.
ectoderm
d.
neuralderm

2.

The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate.
a.
True
b.
False

3.

Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain.
a.
True
b.
False

4.

If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________.
a.
the spinal cord may be affected
b.
the cranial nerves would not form
c.
the hindbrain would not be present
d.
the telencephalon would cease development

5.

The outer cortex of gray matter present in the cerebellum is composed primarily of __________.
a.
myelinated neuron fibers
c.
fat
b.
connective tissue

d. neuron cell bodies

6.

Which of the following best explains the convolutions and folds present in an adult brain?
a.
as the brain developed, the differentiation of the primary vesicles into the secondary vesicles occurred as outpocketings and spiral patterning
b.
each of the convolutions present arose from the five secondary vesicles
c.
the highly folded convolutions and flexures increase the brain’s surface area and allow the brain to fit into the cranium

7.

The brain contains _________ ventricles.
a.
4
c.
2
b.
3
d.
1

8.

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.
a.
sulcus
c.
gyrus
b.
fissure
d.
furrow

9.

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.
a.
longitudinal fissure
c.
central sulcus
b.
lateral sulcus
d.
cranial fossa

10.

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?
a.
cell bodies
c.
unmyelinated axons
b.
dendrites
d.
fiber tracts

11.

The _________ of the brain is the location of our conscious mind.
a.
Brodman area
c.
brain stem
b.
cerebellum
d.
cerebral cortex

12.

The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.
a.
Primary motor cortex
c.
Thalamus
b.
Prefrontal area
d.
Hypothalamus

13.

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.
a.
spinal cord
c.
primary motor cortex
b.
premotor cortex
d.
rubrospinal tracts

14.

Broca's area ________.
a.
corresponds to Brodmann's area 8
b.
is usually found in the right hemisphere
c.
serves the recognition of complex objects
d.
is considered a motor speech area

15.

Which association is most accurate?
a.
sensory-anterior
c.
sensory-medial
b.
motor-medial
d.
motor-anterior

16.

The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.
a.
True
b.
False

17.

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.
a.
prefrontal lobe
c.
temporal lobe
b.
frontal lobe
d.
parietal lobe

18.

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.
a.
red nuclei
c.
reticular nuclei
b.
vestibular nuclei
d.
superior colliculi

19.

Random electrical stimulation of the precentral gyrus would be more likely to cause muscle contractions of the ________.
a.
face and hands
c.
shoulder
b.
hip
d.
arm

20.

Sensory stimulation of which body area would be most likely to activate brain activity?
a.
intestine
c.
elbow
b.
lips and fingertips
d.
knee

21.

This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience.
a.
Primary motor cortex
c.
Thalamus
b.
Prefrontal area
d.
Hypothalamus

22.

Somatic motor cortex.
a.
Temporal
d.
Parietal
b.
Occipital
e.
Insula
c.
Frontal

23.

Premotor area.
a.
Temporal
d.
Parietal
b.
Occipital
e.
Insula
c.
Frontal

24.

Visual area.
a.
Temporal
d.
Parietal
b.
Occipital
e.
Insula
c.
Frontal

25.

Taste (gustatory) area.
a.
Temporal
d.
Parietal
b.
Occipital
e.
Insula
c.
Frontal

26.

Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning.
a.
Temporal
d.
Parietal
b.
Occipital
e.
Insula
c.
Frontal

27.

The sayings “left-brain” or “right-brain” indicate that the two cerebral hemispheres display a phenomenon called __________.
a.
left-brain dominance
c.
lateralization
b.
right-brain dominance
d.
cerebral localization

28.

Cerebral white matter within each hemisphere is important for ________.
a.
communication between the two hemispheres.
b.
coordination of synchronized movements.
c.
visual association.
d.
olfaction.

29.

Projection fibers in the brain connect the right and left hemispheres.
a.
True
b.
False

30.

The function of commissures is to connect ________.
a.
adjacent areas of gray matter within a cerebral hemisphere
b.
corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
c.
areas of cortex with lower centers
d.
pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells

31.

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________.
a.
corpus callosum
c.
corticospinal tracts
b.
cerebral cortex
d.
outer surface of the spinal cord

32.

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.
a.
True
b.
False

33.

Damaged basal nuclei, as in Parkinson’s disease, result in ______________.
a.
the inability to perform several activities at once
b.
memory loss
c.
inability to maintain mental attention
d.
both a and c

34.

Brodmann's numbering refers to ________.
a.
molecular weight of types of neurons
b.
counts of neurons per fiber bundle
c.
structurally distinct cortical areas
d.
rates of neural division in embryogenesis