Lab Exercises: 7-11 Flashcards

Microbes that require oxygen to grow but at much lower levels than 20%

Microbes that can only grow when oxygen is not present

Microbes that can only grow when oxygen is present

Microbes that can grow in oxygen but do not require oxygen for energy metabolism

Microbes that are flexible and can grow with or without oxygen

Which bacteria have optimal growth between -5 to 15°C?

Which bacteria have optimal growth between 45° to 75°C?

Which bacteria have optimal growth between 25° to 45°C?

Which bacteria have optimal growth above 75°C?

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 10

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 4

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 7

These microbes can grow in excessive sugar concentrations

These microbes require a high concentration of sodium chloride in order to grow

These microbes can grow in moderate concentration of sodium chloride

A cell that has more solutes than the surrounding environment is

A cell that has fewer solutes than the surrounding environment is

Water flows (into/out of) a cell that is hypotonic

Water flows (into/out of) a cell that is hypertonic

When the temperature increases past the optimal, the hydrogen bonding in the RNA breaks down and the proteins denature in this structure

When the temperature increases past the optimal, lipids can be destroyed affecting which structure?

Which temperature results in white colonies of Serratia?

When the temperature decreases past the optimal, lipids can freeze affecting which strcuture?

When the temperature decreases past the optimal, the activity of this molecule will slow down

When the temperature increases past the optimal, these denature

Which temperature results in pinkish/red colonies of Serratia?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature does Serratia grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature does E. coli grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature does GST grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature does Serratia grow the worst at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature, which temperature does E. coli grow the worst at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which temperature does GST grow the worst at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does E. coli grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does S. epidermidis grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does does A. faecalis grow best at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does E. coli grow the worst at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does S. epidermidis grow the worst at?

Based on the absorbance readings, which pH does A. faecalis grow the worst at?

Antivirals are compounds that kill or inhibit

Antifungals are compounds that kill or inhibit

Antibiotics are compounds that kill or inhibit

Antiparasitics are compounds that kill or inhibit

Chemical agents that are applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes are

Substances that kill or inhibit microorganisms but are gentle enough to apply to tissue are

What antibiotics target the cell wall of bacteria?

Which antibiotics target the DNA and RNA synthesis of bacteria?

Which antibiotics target the protein synthesis of bacteria?

Which antibiotic is E. coli completely resistant to?

Which antibiotic is S. aureus completely resistant to?

Indicate five antibiotics that E. coli is highly susceptible to.

Indicate four antibiotics that S. aureus is mildly resistant to.

Which antibiotic would you not use to treat an infection of E. coli or S. aureus

Which two antibiotics would be better to treat both E. coli and S. aureus infections?

Fermentation is a form of energy metabolism where the final electron acceptor is

Anaerobic respiration is a form of energy metabolism where the final electron acceptor is

Aerobic respiration is a form of energy metabolism where the final electron acceptor is

Which molecule is hydrolyzed by proteases?

Which molecule is hydrolyzed by amylase?

Which molecule is hydrolyzed by lipases?

Which molecule is deaminated into phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia?

Which molecule is degraded in indole, ammonia, and pyruvic acid?

Which molecule splits in carbon dioxide and ammonia when it's hydrolyzed?

The mixed acid fermentation test uses which reagent to indicate a positive reaction?

Which enzyme is tested for with hydrogen peroxide?

The 2,3-butanediol fermentation test uses which reagent to indicate a positive reaction?

Which enzyme is tested for in an oxidation test?

Name one of the tests that must be completed under anaerobic conditions in the API20E.

Name one of the tests that examines carbon utilization in the API20E.

Name one of the tests that examines nitrogen utilization in the API20E.

Name one of the tests that examines protein utilization in the API20E.

For the starch hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the starch hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the casein hydrolysis test, the image shoes a ____ response.

For the casein hydrolysis test, the image shoes a ____ response.

For the fat hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the fat hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the tryptophan hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the tryptophan hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the urea hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the urea hydrolysis test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the phenylalanine deamination test, the image shows a ____ response.

For the phenylalanine deamination test, the image shows a ____ response.

Which of the following is the most widely used molecular tool in biology?

Which of the following is the most widely used bioinformatic tool in biology?

Which genetic locus is typically used to identify bacteria and archaea?

Which genetic loci is typically used to identify fungi and other eukaryotes?

In DNA extraction the first step is to ____

In DNA extraction the second step is to ____

In DNA extraction the third step is to ____

Which reagent of PCR stabilizes the molecular reactions?

Which reagent of PCR creates covalent bonds to make the new DNA strand?

Which reagent of PCR hybridizes with the DNA at the location where amplification will occur?

Which reagent of PCR is the building blocks of the new DNA?

Which type of PCR is used to quantify how much RNA is being produced?

Which type of PCR is used to amplify a large amount of a DNA target and then sequenced?

Which type of PCR is used as a diagnostic to distinguish between different microbes?

Which phase of PCR allows for the primases to form hydrogen bonds with the single stranded DNA?

Which phase of PCR raises the temperature to break the DNA into single strands?

Which phase of PCR uses the Taq polymerase to add complementary nucleotides to the single strand of DNA?

Which phase of PCR has an optimal temperature at 72°C?

Which phase of PCR has an optimal temperature at 95°C?

Which phase of PCR has an optimal temperature at 50-60°C?

This BLAST result is used as a comparison between searches.

This BLAST result illustrates how much of the inputted sequence is used in the alignment.

This BLAST result is the number of alignments that occur by chance.

This BLAST result illustrates how well the inputted sequence matches to sequences in the databse.

Mutations create variation in which microbial organisms?

Horizontal gene transfer creates variation in which microbial organisms?

Crossing over and independent assortment create variation in which microbial organisms?

This type of mutation changes the DNA and changes the protein by shortening or truncating it.

This type of mutation changes the DNA but does not change the protein.

This type of mutation changes the DNA and the protein by adding or subtracting DNA nucleotides.

The synonymous substitution rate is used to determine the mutation rate. Which type of mutation results in synonymous substitutions?

This type of mutation changes the DNA and changes the protein by replacing one amino acid with another.

This type of mutation causes frameshifts.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer typically occurs between bacteria of the same species or more directly related.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer indicates direct contact between two cells.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer requires a dead bacterial cell that leaves behind DNA.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer involves naked DNA.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer requires a lysed bacterial cell.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer includes indirect contact between two cells and any gene can be transferred between the cells via a virus.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer involves a virus.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer typically occurs between bacteria of the same strain within a species.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer involves a plasmid.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer includes indirect contact between two cells and only specific genes can be transferred between the cells via a virus.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer requires two living bacterial cells.

This form of bacterial horizontal gene transfer typically occurs between bacteria with the same cell wall type (Gram positive or Gram negative).

Growth on all the plates indicates which gene is on the plasmid?

Growth on all the plates except the one with nalidixic acid (LB + nal) indicates which gene is on the plasmid?

Growth on all the plates except the two with ampicillin (LB + amp, LB + amp + str) indicates which gene is on the plasmid?