meiosis
type of cell division that occurs in the sex cells
reduction division
creates egg and sperm with half the chromosomes as the parent cell
autosome
body chromosome, identified by number
sex chromosome
chromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring
X or Y, Female XX, Male XY
somatic cell
typical body cell, such as a skin cell, muscle cell, bone cell
gamete
egg or sperm
cells for sexual reproduction
haploid
cell that contains half the number of chromosomes
diploid
cells that contain 2 copies of each type of chromosome
# chromosomes in a human somatic cell
46
# of chromosomes in a human gamete
23
tetrad
pairs of homologous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that contain the same kind of information
p arm
short arm of chromosome
q arm
long arm of chromosome
chromosome band
location of the gene on a chromosome (5p3)
crossing over
swapping of genes between two homologous chromosomes (happens during Prophase I-Metaphase I of meiosis)
oogenesis
production of egg cells
spermatogenesis
production of the sperm cells
Number of cells produced at the end of meiosis
4 cells that are unique