The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by
a.
the wartime migration of rural blacks to northern cities.
b.
urban immigrants' resistance to prohibition.
c.
public anger at evolutionary science's challenge to the biblical story of the Creation.
d.
the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries.
e.
Russian Communism's threat to American security.
D. the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries.
Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except
a.
denounce radical foreign ideas.
b.
condemn un-American life-styles.
c.
struggle to achieve economic prosperity.
d.
shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries.
e.
restrict immigration.
C. struggle to achieve economic prosperity.
Businesspeople used the red scare to
a.
establish closed shops throughout the nation.
b.
break the backs of fledgling unions.
c.
break the railroad strike of 1919.
d.
secure passage of laws making unions illegal.
e.
refuse to hire communists.
B. break the backs of fledgling unions.
The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920s was
a.
Frederick W. Taylor.
b.
William Jennings Bryan.
c.
J. Edgar Hoover.
d.
F. Scott Fitzgerald.
e.
A. Mitchell Palmer.
E. A. Mitchell Palmer.
The post-World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except
a.
fundamentalist religion.
b.
opposition to birth control.
c.
opposition to prohibition.
d.
repression of pacifists.
e.
anti-Catholicism.
C. opposition to prohibition.
The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against
a.
capitalism.
b.
new immigration laws passed in 1924.
c.
the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s.
d.
race riots.
e.
the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.
E. the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.
With 5 million members at its peak in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was known for all of the following except
a.
secret rituals.
b.
its Catholicism.
c.
flag-waving parades.
d.
the blazing cross.
e.
the bloodied lash.
B. its Catholicism.
The Ku Klux Klan virtually collapsed in the late 1920s when
a.
the immigration restriction laws of the early 1920s were repealed.
b.
the organization was publicly exposed as a corrupt and cynical racket.
c.
the advent of radio led to a new level of public knowledge and tolerance.
d.
the Klan proved unable to implement its program.
e.
both political parties sharply criticized the Klan as un-American.
B. the organization was publicly exposed as a corrupt and cynical racket.
Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of
a.
increased migration of blacks to the North.
b.
the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans.
c.
a desire to rid the country of the quota system.
d.
the desire to halt immigration from Latin America.
e.
growing concern about urban overcrowding and crime.
B. the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans.
Cultural pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne generally advocated that
a.
Spanish and German should be recognized as official languages of the United States along with English.
b.
diverse religious beliefs could coexist peacefully in the United States.
c.
immigrants to the United States could remain politically loyal to their original nations.
d.
immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot.
e.
a varied American cultural life should resist the bland standardization of mass culture.
D. immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot.
The Immigration Act of 1924 discriminated directly against
a.
Canadians and West Indians.
b.
northern and western Europeans.
c.
Latin Americans.
d.
Jews and Muslims.
e.
southern and eastern Europeans and Japanese.
E. southern and Eastern Europeans and Japanese.
One of the primary obstacles to working class solidarity and organization in America was
a.
ethnic diversity.
b.
the lack of a reform impulse in America.
c.
the generally fair treatment that workers received from their employers.
d.
the hostility of the Catholic Church to social reform.
e.
the growing Communist influence in the labor movement.
A. ethnic diversity.
During the 1920s and after, many American immigrant ethnic groups
a.
rapidly assimilated into the mainstream of American life.
b.
sought to escape urban poverty by migrating to rural areas.
c.
lived in neighborhoods with their own churches or synagogues, newspapers, and theaters.
d.
maintained a greater loyalty to the old country than to the United States.
e.
sought political autonomy and official recognition by the U.S. government.
C. lived in neighborhoods with their own churches or synagogues, newspapers, and theaters.
Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from
a.
women.
b.
immigrants and big-city residents.
c.
westerners and southerners.
d.
businesspeople and labor leaders.
e.
evangelical Protestants.
B. immigrants and big-city residents.
The religion of almost all Polish immigrants to America was
a.
Eastern Orthodoxy.
b.
Lutheranism.
c.
evangelical Protestantism.
d.
Roman Catholicism.
e.
Judaism.
D. Roman Catholicism.
Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources except
a.
agents from U.S. railroads.
b.
letters from friends and relatives.
c.
agents from steamship lines.
d.
Catholic missionaries.
e.
Polish American businesspeople.
D. Catholic missionaries.
The zeal of federal agents in enforcing prohibition laws against liquor smugglers strained U.S. diplomatic relations with
a.
Canada.
b.
Mexico.
c.
the Dominican Republic.
d.
Spain.
e.
Ireland.
A. Canada.
Although speakeasies and hard liquor flourished, historians argue that prohibition wasn't entirely a failure for all of the following reasons except
a.
bank savings increased.
b.
absenteeism in the workplace decreased.
c.
people consumed less alcohol overall.
d.
crime levels decreased.
e.
more people lived a sober lifestyle.
D. crime levels decreased.
The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the 1920s was
a.
New York City.
b.
New Orleans.
c.
Brooklyn.
d.
Chicago.
e.
Las Vegas.
D. Chicago.
Besides controlling the illegal liquor industry, American gangsters in the 1920s earned rich profits from all of the following activities except
a.
prostitution.
b.
gambling.
c.
labor racketeering.
d.
illegal drugs.
e.
prostitution
E. prostitution
Top gangster Al Capone was finally convicted and sent to prison for the crime of
a.
murder.
b.
income tax evasion.
c.
kidnapping.
d.
conspiracy to violate the prohibition laws.
e.
running criminal prostitution rings.
B. income tax evasion.
John Dewey can rightly be called the "father of ____."
a.
the American research university
b.
progressive education
c.
evolutionary science
d.
psychoanalysis
e.
Hegelian philosophy
B. progressive education
According to John Dewey, a teacher's primary goal is to
a.
instill discipline and character in young people.
b.
emphasize academic skills.
c.
educate students for life by active learning methods.
d.
undermine students' naive religious beliefs.
e.
develop a sense of history.
C. educate students for life by active learning methods.
Of the following, the one least related to the other four is
a.
John T. Scopes.
b.
Clarence Darrow.
c.
Frederick W. Taylor.
d.
William Jennings Bryan.
e.
Dayton, Tennessee.
C. Frederick W. Taylor.
The immediate outcome of the 1925 Scopes Trial was that
a.
attorney Clarence Darrow got the charges against John Scopes dropped.
b.
the state of Tennessee modified its anti-evolution law.
c.
the public gained a favorable view of American fundamentalists.
d.
biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined.
e.
the jury was deadlocked and unable to reach a verdict.
D. biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined.
After the Scopes "Monkey Trial"
a.
fundamentalism disappeared outside the rural South.
b.
John Scopes was sentenced to serve time in jail.
c.
Christians found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the revelations of religion with modern science.
d.
the gap between theology and biology began to close.
e.
fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life.
E. fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life.
All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible except
a.
government stimulation of the economy.
b.
rapid expansion of capital.
c.
increased productivity of workers.
d.
perfection of assembly-line production.
e.
advertising and credit buying.
A. government stimulation of the economy.
The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved
a.
increasing the level of production.
b.
developing expanded markets of people to buy their products.
c.
reducing the level of government involvement in business.
d.
developing technologically innovative products.
e.
finding a skilled labor force.
B. developing expanded markets of people to buy their products.
In response to the need to develop greater and greater mass markets for their products, American business in the 1920s relied especially on the new techniques of
a.
developing a large range of product variation.
b.
price competition.
c.
direct selling through catalogs and door-to-door solicitation.
d.
consumer advertising.
e.
government-backed guarantees of product performance.
D. consumer advertising.
During the 1920s, the new system of buying on credit resulted in all of the following except
a.
it transformed once frugal Americans into consumers of cars, radios and more/
b.
it led to the slogan of "possess today and pay tomorrow."
c.
it stimulated economic growth.
d.
it created massive amounts of consumer debt
e.
it led to huge defaults on monies owed.
E. it led to huge defaults on monies owed.
The prosperity that developed in the 1920s
a.
was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt.
b.
led to a growing level of savings by the American public.
c.
enabled labor unions to gain strength.
d.
was concentrated primarily in heavy industry.
e.
closed the gap between rich and poor.
A. was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt.
Among the major figures promoted by mass media image makers and the new sports industry in the 1920s were
a.
John L. Sullivan and William Cody.
b.
Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh
c.
Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey.
d.
Al Jolson and Margaret Sanger.
e.
Mickey Mantle and Rocky Marciano.
C. Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey.
Henry Ford's most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was
a.
installment credit buying of cars.
b.
the internal combustion engine.
c.
introducing a variety of automobile models with varied colors and styles.
d.
design changes that improved speed.
e.
production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile.
E. production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile.
Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best known for his
a.
development of the gasoline engine.
b.
thoughts on Darwinian evolution.
c.
efforts to clean up polluted cities.
d.
promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management.
e.
concern for worker safety.
D. promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management.
Which of the following was not among the industries that prospered mightily with widespread use of the automobile?
a.
Rubber
b.
Highway construction
c.
Oil
d.
Aluminum
e.
Glass
D. Aluminum
The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following except
a.
the consolidation of schools.
b.
the increased dependence of women on men.
c.
the spread of suburbs.
d.
a loss of population in less attractive states.
e.
altered youthful sexual behavior.
B. the increased dependence of women on men.
Car advertisements reached out to women in all of the following ways except
a.
showing them cars were respectable for women.
b.
illustrating that families could afford one car for wives and another for husbands.
c.
linking modern, independent women to automobiles.
d.
noting that cars enabled women to better fulfill their roles as household managers.
e.
demonstrating that women could indeed learn to drive.
B. illustrating that families could afford one car for wives and another for husbands.
Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic made him an American hero especially because
a.
his political principles were widely admired.
b.
he and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh made such an appealing couple.
c.
his wholesome youthfulness contrasted with the cynicism and debunking of the jazz age.
d.
Americans were impressed by daredevil stunts.
e.
Lindbergh's journey opened closer cultural connections to France.
C. his wholesome youthfulness contrasted with the cynicism and debunking of the jazz age.
The first talkie motion picture was
a.
The Great Train Robbery.
b.
The Birth of a Nation.
c.
The Wizard of Oz.
d.
Gone With the Wind.
e.
The Jazz Singer.
E. The Jazz Singer.
The American airline industry in the 1920s made most of its early profits through
a.
mail contracts with the federal government.
b.
passenger fares.
c.
air freight and bulk cargo.
d.
subsidies from state and local governments.
e.
crop dusting and cloud seeding.
A. mail contracts with the federal government.
The American radio industry was distinctive from radio in European nations because it
a.
did not carry news programming.
b.
gave preference in station ownership to religious and other nonprofit groups.
c.
practiced censorship against sexually offensive material.
d.
developed nationwide networks of stations broadcasting the same program.
e.
was a commercial business dependent on advertising.
E. was a commercial business dependent on advertising.
Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures
a.
were less popular than had been anticipated.
b.
contributed to the standardization of American life.
c.
had little impact on traditional life-styles and values.
d.
were for the most part too expensive for ordinary working families.
e.
strengthened American family life.
B. contributed to the standardization of American life.
The 1920 census revealed that, for the first time, most
a.
men worked in manufacturing.
b.
adult women were employed outside the home.
c.
Americans lived in cities.
d.
Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West.
e.
families had fewer than four children.
C. Americans lived in cities.
Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of
a.
abortion rights.
b.
women's suffrage.
c.
birth control.
d.
free love.
e.
the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
C. birth control.
Job opportunities for women in the 1920s
a.
expanded dramatically.
b.
offered higher-paying positions than before.
c.
were plentiful in Hollywood and radio.
d.
existed mainly in the area of education.
e.
tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields.
E. tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields.
To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to
a.
increased consumption of alcohol.
b.
the decline of fundamentalism.
c.
the rise of the women's movement.
d.
the theories of Sigmund Freud.
e.
the influence of erotically explicit movies.
D. the theories of Sigmund Freud.
Jazz music was developed by
a.
Latinos.
b.
Caribbean immigrants.
c.
Caucasian impresarios.
d.
American teenagers.
e.
American blacks.
E. American blacks.
The most influential classical film of the 1910s, D.W. Griffiths' Birth of a Nation, stirred extensive protest by African Americans because
a.
the film was heavily financed by white racist Hollywood film business owners.
b.
the film depicted the black leader Marcus Garvey in an unfavorable light.
c.
African Americans were not allowed to see the film even in northern movie theaters.
d.
the film glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists.
e.
Griffiths refused to use black actors.
D. The film glorified the Klu Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists.
All of the following are true of Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, except he
a.
promoted the resettlement of American blacks in Africa.
b.
advocated the idea of developing an elite "talented tenth" to lead African American progress.
c.
inspired strong feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks.
d.
was convicted of mail fraud and deported by the U.S. government.
e.
sponsored black-owned business enterprises.
B. advocated the idea of developing an elite "talented tenth" to lead African American progress.
Match each literary figure below with the correct work.
A.
Ernest Hemingway
B.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
C.
Sinclair Lewis
D.
William Faulkner
1.
The Sun Also Rises
2.
Main Street
3.
The Sound and the Fury
4.
The Great Gatsby
a.
A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
b.
A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
c.
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
d.
A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
e.
A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D
The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as
a.
a celebration of black culture and creative expression
b.
the migration of Southern blacks to northern sections of New York City
c.
the movement led by Marcus Garvey
d.
the effort to resist racism and segregation in the North.
e.
None of these
A. a celebration of black culture and creative expression
Buying stock on margin meant purchasing
a.
only a few shares of stock.
b.
inexpensive stock.
c.
little-known stock.
d.
risky or marginal stock.
e.
it on credit with only a small down payment.
E. it on credit with only a small down payment.
The leading cultural critic of the 1920s, H.L. Mencken, attacked all of the following except
a.
the South.
b.
patriotism.
c.
technology.
d.
democracy.
e.
Puritanism.
C. technology.
Which of the following was not among prominent African American cultural figures of the 1920s?
a.
Joseph "King" Oliver
b.
Ralph Ellison
c.
"Jelly Roll" Morton
d.
Langston Hughes
e.
W.C. Handy
B. Ralph Ellison
As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the heaviest tax burden on
a.
middle-income groups.
b.
the wealthy.
c.
the working class.
d.
the business community.
e.
the estates of those deceased.
A. middle-income groups.