The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President
Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was
to
a. plan for a second front in Western Europe as soon as
possible.
b. force Italy out of the war first by attacking the
soft underbelly of Europe.
c. arouse the American people to an
idealistic crusade of the same sort that Woodrow Wilson had so
effectively used in World War I.
d. concentrate first on the war
in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back
burner.
e. fight an equally vigorous naval war against Japan and
a land war against Germany and Italy.
d
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
a. pass a
conscription law.
b. raise an army and navy.
c. extend aid
to the Soviet Union.
d. develop atomic weapons.
e. retool
its industry for all-out war production.
e
In sharp contrast to World War I, during World War II, the United
States was
a. ready to use conscription if necessary to raise an
army.
b. forced to sacrifice civilian economic well-being for the
military effort.
c. weakened by constant isolationist criticism
of the war effort.
d. nearly unanimous in support of the
war.
e. actually invaded by enemy forces.
d
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War
II
a. were further assimilated into American society.
b.
were not allowed to serve in the military.
c. had their
patriotism questioned as in World War I.
d. cast their vote for
Republican candidates opposed to the war.
e. served in ethnically
distinct military units.
a
After the United States entered World War II in 1941, the term
"enemy aliens" referred to
a. Japanese living in the
U.S.
b. Italians living in the U.S.
c. Germans living in the
U.S.
d. All of these
e. None of these
d
All of the following are true statements about the effect of
Executive Order No. 9066 on Japanese living in the U.S. except
a.
they were put in internment camps.
b. they were victims of
anti-Japanese prejudice.
c. they lost hundreds of millions of
dollars in property and lost wages.
d. The U.S. Supreme Court
declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional.
e. The U.S.
government officially apologized four decades later and gave each camp
survivor $20,000.
d
Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well
in check during the war by
a. directing production to whatever
goods were in most demand.
b. prosecuting war profiteers and
black marketers who tried to earn windfall profits.
c. permitting
large numbers of illegal migrants to enter the work force.
d.
sharply constricting the flow of credit from the Federal Reserve
Board.
e. federally imposed wage and price controls.
e
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941
a.
it took nearly two years for the country to unite.
b. the
conflict soon became an idealistic crusade for democracy.
c. the
government repudiated the Atlantic Charter.
d. a majority of
Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.
e. the
idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant.
d
African Americans did all of the following during World War II
except
a. fight in integrated combat units.
b. rally behind
the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and
racism at home).
c. move north and west in large numbers.
d.
form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial
Equality.
e. serve in the Army Air Corps.
a
The greatest consequence of World War II for American race relations
was
a. the tensions in wartime factories between blacks and
whites.
b. the integration of the armed forces.
c. African
Americans' experience of more positive European racial
attitudes.
d. the massive migration of African Americans from the
rural South to northern and western cities.
e. the Atlantic
Charter declaring that the war was being fought for democracy and freedom.
d
During World War II, most Americans economically experienced
a.
serious hardships due to rationing of essential goods.
b.
prosperity and a doubling of personal income.
c. a continuing
struggle to find employment.
d. growing class conflict between
the wealthy and the working class.
e. prosperity in the cities
but disastrous conditions on farms and in small towns.
b
During World War II, American Indians
a. demanded that President
Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries.
b. rarely
enlisted in the armed forces.
c. moved south to replace African
American laborers.
d. moved off reservations in large
numbers.
e. promoted recovery of tribal languages.
d
Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through
a.
tariff collections.
b. excise taxes on luxury goods.
c.
raising income taxes.
d. voluntary contributions.
e. borrowing.
e
The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done
by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
a. Leyte
Gulf.
b. the Java Sea.
c. the Coral Sea.
d.
Midway.
e. Iwo Jima.
c
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the
Battle of
a. Leyte Gulf.
b. Bataan and Corregidor.
c.
the Coral Sea.
d. Midway.
e. Guadalcanal.
d
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a
strategy of
a. heavy bombing from Chinese air bases.
b.
invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia.
c. fortifying
China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan
hump.
d. island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing
Japanese strongholds.
e. turning the Japanese flanks in New
Guinea and Alaska.
d
The American conquest of ____ in 1944 was especially critical,
because from there, U.S. aircraft could conduct round-trip bombing
raids on the Japanese home islands.
a. Guadalcanal
b. Wake
Island
c. New Guinea
d. Okinawa
e. Guam
e
Until spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of
defeating Britain and winning the war was
a. the possibility of a
successful invasion across the English Channel.
b. that German
U-boat would destroy Allied shipping.
c. the defeatism of
pro-fascist elements within upper-class British society.
d. that
General Rommel would conquer Egypt and the Suez Canal.
e. that
the American-British-Soviet alliance would collapse.
b
Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942
at the Battle of ____, after which his fortunes gradually
declined.
a. the Bulge
b. Stalingrad
c. Monte
Cassino
d. Britain
e. El Alamein
b
The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944
because
a. they wanted to wait until Germany and the Soviet Union
had badly bloodied each other.
b. men and material were needed
more urgently in the Pacific.
c. the Soviet Union requested a
delay until they could coordinate attacks on the eastern and western
fronts.
d. they believed that North Africa was more strategically
vital.
e. the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a
ground war in France.
e
Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence on the absolute and
"unconditional surrender" of Germany
a. guaranteed that
Germany would have to be totally reconstructed after the war.
b.
clearly shortened the war.
c. was largely unacceptable to the
Soviets, who hoped to encourage a communist revolution inside
Germany.
d. may have prevented a "separate peace"
between Hitler and Stalin.
e. encouraged anti-Hitler resisters in
Germany to try to overthrow the Nazis.
a
President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front
in Western Europe by the end of 1942
a. was fulfilled by the
invasion of North Africa.
b. was made to deceive Stalin and
encourage him to slow his army's movement into Eastern Europe.
c.
was strongly supported by Churchill and British military
leaders.
d. proved utterly impossible to keep.
e.
represented the key goal to which all early American military efforts
were directed.
d
Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A)
Potsdam, (B) Casablanca, and (C) Teheran.
a. A, B, C
b. C,
B, A
c. B, C, A
d. B, A, C
e. A, C, B
c
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E
Day, (C) D Day, and (D) Invasion of Italy.
a. D, C, B, A
b.
A, C, B, D
c. B, D, A, C
d. C, A, D, B
e. A, D, B, C
a
The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943
was
a. a modification of the demand for unconditional surrender
of Italy.
b. the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional
surrender.
c. the swift Allied conquest of the Italian
peninsula.
d. a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower
over the invasion of the Italian mainland.
e. the threat of a
Communist takeover of the Italian government.
b
After the Italian surrender in August 1943, the
a. Allies found
it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy.
b. Soviets
accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing
the second front in Italy.
c. British demanded the restoration of
the monarchy in Italy.
d. Americans withdrew from Italy to
prepare for D-Day.
e. German army poured into Italy and stalled
the Allied advance.
e
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been
that it
a. delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet
Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.
b. prevented the
rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war.
c. enabled
the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic
demands.
d. enabled the United States to prevent Austria and
Greece from falling into Soviet hands.
e. destroyed the monastery
of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures.
a
At the wartime Tehran Conference
a. the Soviet Union agreed to
declare war on Japan within three months.
b. the Big Three allies
agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones.
c.
the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European
nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war.
d. plans
were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.
e. it was
agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations.
d
The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in
Europe was commanded by General
a. George Patton.
b. Dwight
Eisenhower.
c. Douglas MacArthur.
d. Bernard
Montgomery.
e. Omar Bradley.
b
In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at
the Democratic Convention in 1944 because
a. so much attention
was focused on who would gain the vice presidency.
b. he remained
in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war.
c. poor health prevented
him from taking an active role.
d. the issue of a fourth term was
prominent.
e. Vice President Henry Wallace controlled the convention.
a
The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944
was that
a. Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace,
was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman.
b. Roosevelt's
appearance at the convention revealed how physically frail he
was.
c. party leaders developed a campaign that downplayed the
New Deal's success.
d. there was growing resistance to
Roosevelt's pursuit of a fourth term.
e. the issue of civil
rights came to the fore as the dominant concern of the party.
a
Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because
a.
Republican Thomas E. Dewey favored an international organization for
world peace.
b. labor unions turned out for Roosevelt.
c.
Harry Truman was his running mate.
d. questions arose regarding
Thomas E. Dewey's honesty.
e. the war was going well.
e
Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the
Americans and British came in
a. the Battle of the Bulge.
b.
the Battle of the Rhineland.
c. the attempt to assassinate
Churchill and Roosevelt.
d. an attempt to arrange a negotiated
peace with Stalin.
e. the final U-boat campaign against the
American navy.
a
As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf
a. Japan stalled an
Allied victory.
b. Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey
lost his first naval engagement.
c. Japan was nearly able to take
Australia.
d. the United States could bomb Japan from land
bases.
e. Japan was finished as a naval power.
e
The Potsdam conference
a. determined the fate of Eastern
Europe.
b. brought France and China in as part of the Big
Five.
c. concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in
the Pacific.
d. was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with
Churchill and Stalin.
e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to
surrender or be destroyed.
e
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was
spurred by the belief that
a. a nuclear weapon was the only way
to win the war.
b. the Germans might acquire such a weapon
first.
c. the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of
their own.
d. scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to
the war effort.
e. the American public would not tolerate the
casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan.
b
The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified
by
a. assuring the Japanese that there would be no war crimes
trials.
b. guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated
decently by American occupiers.
c. agreeing not to drop more than
two atomic bombs on Japan.
d. agreeing to let the Japanese keep
Emperor Hirohito on the throne.
e. permitting the Japanese to
retain a strong army but no real navy.
d