The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil
War decades was
a. uniquely American.
b. fueled by an
agricultural system suffering from poor production levels.
c.
attributable to the closing of the frontier.
d. a trend that
affected Europe as well.
e. a result of natural reproduction.
D
The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the
big cities was
a. the development of the skyscraper.
b. the
availability of industrial jobs.
c. the compact nature of those
large communities.
d. the advent of new housing structures known
as dumbbell tenements.
e. the lure of cultural excitement.
B
One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban
America was
a. the development of factories.
b. the Sears
catalog.
c. advertising billboards.
d. public transportation
systems.
e. the rise of large department stores.
E
Which one of the following has the least in common with the other
four?
a. slums
b. dumbbell tenements
c. bedroom
communities
d. flophouses
e. the "Lung Block"
C
The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880
a.
had experience with democratic governments.
b. were numerous but
never constituted a majority of the immigrants in any given
year.
c. were culturally different from previous
immigrants.
d. received a warm welcome from the Old
Immigrants.
e. represented nonwhite racial groups.
C
Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920
came to escape
a. political oppression.
b. famine.
c.
the political disintegration of their country.
d. the military
draft.
e. the poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy.
E
A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who
a. came to
the United States to live permanently.
b. only passed through
America on his or her way to Canada.
c. was unmarried.
d.
came to America to work for a short time and then returned to
Europe.
e. flew from job to job.
D
Most New Immigrants
a. eventually returned to their country of
origin.
b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in
America.
c. were subjected to stringent immigration
restrictions.
d. were quickly assimilated into the mainstream of
American life.
e. were converted to mainstream Protestantism.
B
According to the social gospel,
a. workers should be content
with their station in life.
b. the church should not concern
itself in the social affairs of the world.
c. clergy should try
to reach the socially prominent.
d. Christianity would replace
socialism.
e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to
solve the problems manifest in slums and factories.
E
The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Addams and Florence
Kelley, helped to blaze the
professional trail for
a.
language specialists.
b. social workers.
c. day-care
workers.
d. criminal psychologists.
e. female politicians.
B
Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following
activities except
a. child care.
b. instruction in
English.
c. cultural activities.
d. instruction in
socialism.
e. social reform lobbying.
D
The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women
in the period 1865-1900 was
a. the big city.
b. the
West.
c. suburban communities.
d. rural America.
e. New England.
A
In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store
clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for
a.
Jews.
b. Irish.
c. African-Americans.
d. the
college-educated.
e. the native born.
E
Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants
were all of the following except
a. opposed to factory
labor.
b. used as strikebreakers.
c. willing to work for
lower wages.
d. difficult to unionize.
e. non-English speaking.
A
The American Protective Association
a. preached the social
gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants.
b.
was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams.
c.
supported immigration restrictions.
d. established settlement
houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants.
e.
sought to organize mutual-aid associations.
C
The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New
Immigration was
a. Roman Catholics.
b. Baptists.
c.
Episcopalians.
d. Christian Scientists.
e. Mormons.
A
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
a. was opposed by religious
Modernists.
b. left open the question of human origins.
c.
was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll.
d.
helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory
of "survival of the fittest."
e. cast serious doubt on
a literal interpretation of the Bible.
E
Religious Modernists
a. found ways to reconcile Christianity and
Darwinism.
b. railed against the social philosophy of the social
gospel movement.
c. tended to ignore evidence of social and
economic injustice.
d. denounced the Christian Scientists and
Salvation Army as "ungodly."
e. sought to do away with
the Bible.
A
Americans offered growing support for a free public education
system
a. to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial
schools.
b. when the Chautauqua movement began to
decline.
c. because they accepted the idea that a free government
cannot function without educated citizens.
d. when private
schools began to fold.
e. as a way of identifying an intellectual elite
C
Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil
rights for African-Americans was
a. the vote.
b. rigorous
academic training.
c. the rejection of accommodationist
attitudes.
d. to directly challenge white supremacy.
e.
economic independence.
E
The post-Civil War era witnessed
a. an increase in compulsory
school attendance laws.
b. the collapse of the Chautauqua
movement.
c. rejection of the German system of
kindergartens.
d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate.
e. an
emphasis on liberal arts colleges.
A
As a leader of the African-American community, Booker T.
Washington
a. helped to found the National Association for the
Advancement of
Colored People.
b. advocated social
equality.
c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut.
d.
grudgingly acquiesced to segregation.
e. promoted black political activism.
D
That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the
race to full social and political equality with whites was the view
of
a. George Washington Carver.
b. Booker T.
Washington.
c. Ida B. Wells.
d. W. E. B. Du Bois.
e.
Paul Laurence Dunbar.
D
The Morrill Act of 1862
a. established women's colleges like
Vassar.
b. required compulsory school attendance through high
school.
c. established the modern American research
university.
d. mandated racial integration in public
schools.
e. granted public lands to states to support higher education.
E
Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
a. demanded complete equality
for African Americans.
b. established an industrial school at
Tuskegee, Alabama.
c. supported the goals of Booker T.
Washington.
d. was an exslave who rose to fame.
e. none of
the above.
A
In the decades after the Civil War, college education for
women
a. became more difficult to obtain.
b. was confined to
women's colleges.
c. became much more common.
d. resulted in
the passage of the Hatch Act.
e. blossomed especially in the South.
C
Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic
institution for AfricanAmericans
in the late 1800s?
a.
Howard University
b. Harvard University
c. Tuskegee
Institute
d. the University of Chicago
e. Temple University
A
During the industrial revolution, life expectancy
a.
decreased.
b. changed very little.
c. was much higher in
Europe than in the United States.
d. measurably
increased.
e. rose for women more than men.
D
The philosophy of pragmatism maintains that
important.
a.
the logically correct formulation of a theory
b. the practical
consequences of an idea
c. forgoing materialism in favor of high
ideals
d. how you think, not what you do
e. knowledge is
innate in the human mind
B
In a country hungry for news, American newspapers
a. printed
hard-hitting editorials.
b. crusaded for social reform.
c.
repudiated the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph
Hearst.
d. came to rely less on syndicated material.
e.
became sensationalist.
E
Henry George found the root of social inequality and social injustice
in
a. stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price
of real goods and services.
b. labor unions that artificially
drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods.
c. landowners
who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.
d.
businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting
workers.
e. patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as
inferior domestic beings.
C
Henry George argued that the unearned windfall profits of those who
did not work for them should be
a. confiscated by government
taxation.
b. distributed to public works through private
philanthropy.
c. saved and invested for the benefit of the
community.
d. looked upon as the inevitable consequence of
"the survival of the fittest."
e. prevented through
communal land ownership.
A
General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur
a. achieved success only
after his death.
b. was based on a popular early movie.
c.
emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by
success.
d. detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil
War.
e. defended Christianity against Darwinism.
E
Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of
his work.
A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the
products of honesty and hard work
B. Horatio Alger 2.
anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures
C. Henry
James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes and
socialism
D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism
and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.
a. A-4, B-2, C-3,
D-l
b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
c. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
d. A-3, B-4, C-I, D-2
e. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l
C
American novel-writing turned from romanticism and transcendentalism
to rugged realism as a result of the
a. influence of Latin
American literature.
b. impact of race relations.
c. higher
educational level of the authors.
d. materialism of industrial
society.
e. prominence of women writers.
A
The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of
a. racial
equality.
b. public health.
c. temperance.
d. woman
suffrage.
e. sexual purity.
E
In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and
practices were reflected in all of the following except
a.
soaring divorce rates.
b. the spreading practice of birth
control.
c. the fact that Americans were marrying at an earlier
age.
d. increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics.
e.
critiques of women's roles as mothers.
C
In the course of the late nineteenth century,
a. the birthrate
increased.
b. the divorce rate fell.
c. family size
gradually declined.
d. people tended to marry at an early
age.
e. children lived longer at home.
C
By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage
a. argued that women's
biology gave them a fundamentally different character from
men.
b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote.
c.
formed strong alliances with AfricanAmericans seeking voting
rights.
d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend
their roles as mothers and homemakers to the
public
world.
e. insisted on the inherent political and
moral equality of men and women
D
One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce
rate in the late nineteenth century was
the
a. decline in
farm income.
b. stresses of urban life.
c. emerging feminist
movement.
d. passage of more liberal divorce laws.
e.
decline of religious organizations.
B
The National American Woman Suffrage Association
a. achieved its
goal in 1898.
b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal
rights.
c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton.
d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president.
e.
limited its membership to whites.
E
The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was
a. income
tax.
b. direct election of senators.
c. woman
suffrage.
d. prohibition.
e. the poll tax.
D
The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained
to
a. sculpture.
b. novels.
c. painting.
d.
music.
e. architecture.
E
During industrialization, Americans increasingly
a. had less
free time.
b. became more inefficient.
c. became less
optimistic.
d. fell into the ways of lockstep living.
e.
fragmented into diverse consumer markets.
D
The various racial and ethnic groups in large cities, though living
in different neighborhoods, shared which of the following
activities?
a. shopping
b. reading
c. popular show
business
d. sports
e. all of the above
E
What occurrence directly spurred the abandonment of wood construction
for brick and steel in the downtown districts of most American
cities?
(a) The development of the electric elevator and
skyscraper
(b) the collapse of numerous wooden tenements in New
York City during the 1800s
(c) Cheaper brick-making and the
replacement of iron by more durable steel for construction
purposes
(d) The great Chicago fire of 1871
(e) The changing
preference of architects such as Louis Sullivan toward designing steel
and brick structures
D
All of the following characterized the new immigrants who came to the
United States from 1880 to 1990 EXCEPT
(a) some New Immigrants
emigrated in response to violent religious persecutions organized by
government officials and carried out by their countrymen
(b) they
were subjected to discrimination and violence by nativist Americans
because they practiced different religions and some were politically
radical
(c) they were culturally different from previous
immigrants to America
(d) they attempted to preserve their Old
Country culture in America
(e) they made substantial efforts to
convert Americans to Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or Judaism
A
What vital function did big-city political bosses and their machines perform in managing the social and economic demands of the new urban environment?
(a) They successfully lobbied state governments to pass political
ethics reform legislation to clean up the electoral process in
cities
(b) They successfully leveraged grant money from the
federal government to meet the social and economic needs of urban
immigrants
(c) In exchange for political support, they provided
many urban immigrants with jobs and social services that permitted
these New Immigrants to raise a family, earn a livelihood and escape
abject poverty
(d) They successfully lobbied state governments to
provide public funds to build an extensive social services network and
public housing program in the cities
(e) They allied with
Protestant churches, the Republican party, and big business to provide
jobs, social services, and educational opportunities to the New Immigrants
A
All of the following characterized the settlement-house movement led by leaders like Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, and Florence Kelley EXCEPT that it
(a) was led mostly by middle-class, reform minded women and
centered in poor immigrant neighborhoods of the city
(b) became
a forerunner for the new profession of social work
(c) was
motivated by the concern that the New Immigrants from eastern and
southern Europe required basic education, child-rearing assistance,
and learning American culture in order to assimilate
successfully
(d) advocated on behalf of social reforms like
antisweatshop and child-labor laws
(e) studiously avoided
becoming involved in international efforts to advance worldwide peace
and condemn war
E
Which of the following was NOT a reason that many labor unions
favored government-imposed restrictions on immigration?
(a) Union
leaders were fearful of some immigrants' embrace of socialism,
communism, or anarchism
(b) Immigrants were used by companies as
strikebreakers
(c) Immigrants were often willing to work for
lower wages and in dangerous working conditions
(d) Immigrants
were sometimes difficult to unionize because of language
barriers
(e) Immigrants were not willing or able to work in
factory environments
A
Which of the following represents the best example of liberal
Protestantism's effort to accommodate religion to modern scientific
theories such as Darwinism?
(a) Attempting to demonstrate the
scientific superiority of the religious beliefs of Protestantism over
those of Catholicism and Judaism
(b) Utilizing Darwinism as an
intellectual argument against the effort by liberal Protestant women
to become members of the clergy
(c) Attempting to prove that the
prayerful dogma of Christian Scientists like Mary Baker Eddy was
rooted in scientific fact
(d) Proclaiming that Darwinism was an
updated, authentic, and grander revelation of the ways of God
(e)
Linking liberal Protestantism to theories of racial superiority and
imperialistic survival-of-the-fittest political dogma
D
Which were the two major sources of funding for the powerful new
American research universities?
(a) Churches and numerous private
individual donors
(b) State land grants and wealthy philanthropic
industrialists
(c) Tuition paid by undergraduates and fees
charged by those served by the universities
(d) The federal
governemnt and local communities
(e) Income from successful
patents and corporate research grants
B
What was the most important reason why Americans offered increasing
support for the establishment of a free public education
system?
(a) Because Americans accepted the idea that a free
government and a republic cannot function effectively without educated
citizens
(b) Because private schools began to fold as a result of
difficult economic circumstances
(c) To utilize public schools to
identify an intellectual elite
(d) The decline of the Chautauqua
movement
(e) To combat the growing strength and influence of
Catholic parochial schools
A
Which statement best reflects the different approaches of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois toward black education?
(a) W.E.B. Dubois advocated that African Americans concentrate on
manual labor and technical education, while Booker T. Washington
emphasized African American access to higher education
(b) Booker
T. Washington emphasized education for political action, while W.E.B.
Dubois believed that black education should focus on industrial and
technical education
(c) W.E.B. Dubois advocated developing
separate black colleges and universities, while Booker T. Washington
believed that securing access to traditionally white colleges and
universities was critical to African American progress
(d) W.E.B.
Dubois believed that African Americans should develop a talented
tenth, while Booker T. Washington emphasized manual labor and
industrial training for African Americans
(e) W.E.B. Dubois
asserted that African Americans should develop separate black schools
and colleges, while Booker T. Washington believed that African
Americans should develop a talented tenth
D