Introduction to Chemistry Flashcards

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1

atom

basic unit of matter

2

nucleus

center of the atom

holds the protons and neutrons

3

proton

positively charged particle in an atom

has mass

identifies atoms of a particular element

4

neutron

no charge

has mass

can lead to isotopes of an element

5

electrons

negatively charged particles in an atom

determine chemical behavior

6

valence electrons

the electrons in the outermost electron orbital

7

electron orbital (shell)

area outside of the nucleus in an atom that holds the electrons

8

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

identifies an element

9

atomic mass

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

10

ion

an atom that has an unequal number of protons and electrons

11

neutral atom

atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons

12

isotope

atoms of the same element that vary by mass

(difference is due to the number of neutrons)

13

covalent bond

bond formed between atoms that share electrons to fill their outermost electron shell

14

ionic bond

when one atom gives up an electron to another atom

Creates positive and negative ions that attract each other

15

polar covalent bond

covalent bond where the electrons are not shared equally and create slightly positive and negatively charged ends of the molecule

16

compound

substance composed of two or more different elements

17

molecule

substance composed of two atoms bonded together

18

acid

a substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution

pH 0-6.9

the lower the number the stronger it is

19

base

a substance that releases OH- ions into solution

pH 7.1-14

The higher the number the stronger it is

20

Buffer

substance that bind H+ ions, or release them to maintain homeostasis

21

pH

measure of the H+ ions and OH- ions in a solution

22

solvent

substance that dissolves another material

23

solute

substance that is dissolved in a solution

24

solution

one substance dissolved in another

25

concentration

  • amount of solute dissolved in the solvent

26

cohesion

attraction between the water molecules, stick together, surface tension

27

adhesion

attraction among molecules of different substances, water to sticking to other molecules