45) Bacteria that emit light can be used as biosensors because they
A) migrate to hazardous chemical.
B) do not emit light in the
presence of a hazardous chemical.
C) degrade hazardous
chemicals.
D) have FMN.
E) have the lux gene.
Answer D
1) In water treatment, the purpose of flocculation is to remove microbes, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
False
1) All of the following are habitats for extremophiles EXCEPT
A)
an acid mine wash.
B) the Atlantic Ocean.
C) inside
rock.
D) a salt-evaporating pond.
E) 100°C water.
Answer B
2) Which of the following organisms is using sulfur as a source of
energy?
A) Thiobacillus: H2S → S0
B) Desulfovibrio: SO42- →
H2S
C) Proteus: Amino acids → H2S
D) Redwood tree: SO42- →
Amino acids
E) Photosynthetic bacteria: H2S → S0
Answer A
3) Which of the following is NOT a symbiotic pair of
organisms?
A) elk and rumen bacteria
B) orchid and
mycorrhizae
C) onions and arbuscules
D) bean plant and
Rhizobium
E) sulfur and Thiobacillus
Answer E
4) All of the following are true of mycorrhizae EXCEPT
A) they
are fungi that form beneficial relationships with plants.
B) an
example is the food delicacy truffles.
C) the
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are a type of
ectomycorrhizae.
D) they enable plants to absorb soil
nutrients.
E) ectomycorrhizae form a mantle over plant roots.
Answer C
5) The guano deposited by seabirds is used a source for which of the
following fertilizer components?
A) phosphate
B)
nitrate
C) sulfate
D) carbonate
E) potassium
Answer A
6) Adding untreated sewage to a freshwater lake would cause the
biochemical oxygen demand to
A) increase.
B)
decrease.
C) stay the same.
D) The answer cannot be
determined based on the information provided.
Answer A
7) In freshwater lakes and ponds, the majority of photosynthetic
microbes are located in the ________ zone(s).
A) benthic
B)
profundal
C) limnetic
D) littoral
E) benthic and profundal
Answer C
8) All of the following are used in secondary sewage treatment
EXCEPT
A) trickling filters.
B) bulking and floc
formation.
C) aeration.
D) anaerobic digestion.
E)
activated sludge.
Answer D
9) 6H2S + 6CO2 --light--> 6S0 + glucose
A) takes place under
aerobic conditions.
B) takes place under anaerobic
conditions.
C) The amount of oxygen does not make any difference.
Answer B
10) Which of the following requires aerobic conditions?
A)
nitrogen fixation
B) sludge digestion
C) primary sewage
treatment
D) secondary sewage treatment
E) water treatment
Answer D
11) All of the following organisms are involved in carbon fixation
EXCEPT
A) green and purple sulfur bacteria.
B)
cyanobacteria.
C) lichens.
D) algae.
E) mycorrhizae.
Answer E
12) What stage of sewage treatment produces methane?
A) primary
treatment
B) secondary treatment
C) tertiary
treatment
D) sludge digestion
E) None of the stages of
sewage treatment produce methane.
Answer D
13) NH3 → NO2-
A) takes place under aerobic conditions.
B)
takes place under anaerobic conditions.
C) The amount of oxygen
does not make any difference.
Answer A
14) Bioremediation of petroleum
A) takes place under aerobic
conditions.
B) takes place under anaerobic conditions.
C)
The amount of oxygen does not make any difference.
Answer A
15) Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the
A) number of
bacteria present in a water sample.
B) amount of oxygen present
in a water sample.
C) amount of organic matter present in a water
sample.
D) amount of undissolved solid matter present in a water
sample.
E) amount of nitrogen in a water sample.
Answer C
16) For the biogeochemical cycles of the following elements, which
does NOT have an atmospheric cycle?
A) carbon
B)
phosphorus
C) sulfur
D) nitrogen
Answer B
17) Which of the following is required for composting?
A)
addition of non-biodegradable materials
B) addition of nitrogen
and phosphorus sources
C) periodic turning or raking of the
compost pile
D) addition of thermophilic microbes
E)
constant anaerobic conditions
Answer C
18) Which step in Figure 27.1 represents anaerobic
respiration?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer B
19) Which term in Figure 27.1 describes step V?
A)
ammonification
B) denitrification
C) dissimilation
D)
nitrification
E) nitrogen fixation
Answer E
20) Which step in Figure 27.1 represents the following reaction:
amino acid (-NH2) → NH3?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D)
IV
E) V
Answer C
21) Nitrification is beneficial to farmers. It is represented by
which step in Figure 27.1?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D)
IV
E) V
Answer A
22) Which of the following terms describes step III in Figure
27.1?
A) ammonification
B) denitrification
C)
nitrification
D) nitrogen fixation
E) assimilation
Answer A
23) Which of the following terms describes NO3- → NO2- → N2O →
N2?
A) ammonification
B) denitrification
C)
nitrification
D) nitrogen fixation
E) anaerobic respiration
Answer B
24) Which of the following is an assimilation process?
A)
Thiobacillus: H2S → S0
B) Desulfovibrio: SO42- → H2S
C)
Proteus: Amino acids → H2S
D) Redwood tree: SO42- → Amino
acids
E) Photosynthetic bacteria: H2S → S0
Answer D
25) Which wastewater treatment process is responsible for removal of
most of the BOD in sewage?
A) anaerobic sludge digestion
B)
primary sewage treatment
C) secondary sewage treatment
D)
tertiary sewage treatment
E) water treatment
Answer C
26) Which wastewater treatment process produces BOD-containing
effluent used for irrigation?
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion
B) primary sewage treatment
C) secondary sewage
treatment
D) tertiary sewage treatment
E) water treatment
Answer C
27) Residual chlorine must be maintained in
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion.
B) primary sewage treatment.
C) secondary sewage
treatment.
D) tertiary sewage treatment.
E) water treatment.
Answer E
28) Sedimentation of sludge occurs in
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion.
B) primary sewage treatment.
C) secondary sewage
treatment.
D) tertiary sewage treatment.
E) water treatment.
Answer B
29) The product of which process contains the highest BOD?
A)
anaerobic sludge digestion
B) primary sewage treatment
C)
secondary sewage treatment
D) tertiary sewage treatment
E)
water treatment
Answer B
30) Zoogloea form flocculent masses in
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion.
B) primary sewage treatment.
C) secondary sewage
treatment.
D) tertiary sewage treatment.
E) water treatment.
Answer C
31) Drinking water supplies are routinely tested for the presence
of
A) Giardia.
B) Cryptosporidium.
C) fecal
coliforms.
D) fecal viruses.
E) Vibrio.
Answer C
32) Aerobic respiration occurs in
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion.
B) primary sewage treatment.
C) secondary sewage
treatment.
D) tertiary sewage treatment.
E) water treatment.
Answer C
33) In the ONPG and MUG test for fecal coliforms, a sample that is
positive for E. coli will be
A) positive for ONPG; fluorescent in
UV light.
B) negative for ONPG; fluorescent in UV light.
C)
positive for ONPG; non-fluorescent in UV light.
D) negative for
ONPG; non-fluorescent in UV light.
Answer A
34) Filtration to remove protozoa occurs in
A) anaerobic sludge
digestion.
B) primary sewage treatment.
C) secondary sewage
treatment.
D) tertiary sewage treatment.
E) water treatment.
Answer E
35) Which of the following do NOT fix atmospheric nitrogen?
A)
cyanobacteria
B) lichens
C) mycorrhizae
D)
Frankia
E) Azotobacter
Answer C
36) Which of the following is mismatched?
A) CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 +
2H2O Methane-producing bacteria
B) Fe2+ → Fe3+ Thiobacillus
ferrooxidans
C) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Clostridium
D)
N2 + 6H+ → 2NH3 Beijerinckia
E) SO42- + 10H+ → H2S + 4H2O Desulfovibrio
Answer C
37) Bacteria can increase the Earth's temperature by
A)
generating a great deal of heat in metabolism.
B) producing CH4,
which is a greenhouse gas.
C) using the greenhouse gas
CO2.
D) providing nutrients for plant growth.
E) oxidizing CH4.
Answer B
38) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of fecal
coliforms?
A) gram-negative
B) non-spore forming
C)
rod-shaped
D) lactose-fermenting
E) pathogenic
Answer E
39) Which one of the following processes in sewage treatment requires
bacterial metabolism?
A) chlorination
B) primary
treatment
C) removal of BOD
D) sedimentation
E) None of
the answers is correct.
Answer C
40) Where are photosynthetic bacteria most likely to be found in
Figure 27.2?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) a and b
E) b
and c
Answer D
41) Where are the benthic microbes such as Desulfovibrio and
Clostridium most likely to be found in Figure 27.2?
A) a
B)
b
C) c
D) a and b
E) b and c
Answer C
42) In the early 1900s, cities such as Philadelphia reduced the
incidence of typhoid fever by
A) isolating human
carriers.
B) using tertiary water treatment systems.
C)
filtering municipal drinking water through sand-bed filters.
D)
requiring residents to boil drinking water.
E) mass vaccination
of residents.
Answer C
43) The release of phosphate-containing detergents into a river
would
A) kill algae.
B) increase algal growth.
C) kill
bacteria.
D) improve the water quality.
E) None of the
answers is correct.
Answer B
44) Untreated sewage is released into a river. Which of the following
statements is FALSE?
A) The untreated sewage is a health
hazard.
B) The untreated sewage increases the BOD.
C) The
untreated sewage decreases the dissolved oxygen.
D) The untreated
sewage kills bacteria.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer D
2) Bioremediation involves the use of microbes to degrade or detoxify pollutants.
True
3) The water from tertiary sewage treatment can be used as drinking water.
True
4) The purpose of tertiary sewage treatment is to remove all of the phosphorus, nitrogen, and BOD left from secondary treatment.
True
5) The BOD is a measurement of the amount of bacteria present before and after the sewage treatment process.
False
6) The bacteriological safety of drinking water is determined by testing water samples for the presence of human pathogens.
False
7) The dense growth of algae in an algal bloom leads to increased oxygen levels in lakes that enhance the habitat for fish.
False
8) Microorganisms in deep-sea vents and caves serve as autotrophic primary producers in the absence of sunlight.
True
9) Nitrogen fixation by bacteria occurs only in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
False
10) In small communities lacking municipal sewage systems, sewage is treated in septic systems or oxidation ponds.
True