What is the most simple metazoan?
Cnhidarians
What type of body symmetry do Cnidarians have?
Radial (some biradial)
oral-aboral axis
axis in which radiate body parts are arranged around
What level of organization do Cnidarias have?
tissue
What are the classes of Cnidarians?
-Staurozoa
-Anthozoa
-Scyphozoa
-Cubozoa
-Hydrozoa
How many species of Staurozoa are there?
50
How many species of Cubozoa are there?
10
How many species of Anthozoa are there?
6000
How many species of Hydrozoa are there?
2700
How many species of Scyphozoa are there?
150
Which classes have a medusoid body form?
-Scyphozoa
-Cubozoa
-Hydrozoa
Which classes exist only in a medusoid body form?
-Scyphozoa
-Cubozoa
Which classes have an alternation of generations between medusoid and polyp forms?
Hydrozoa
Which class has hexaradial or octaradial symmetry?
Anthozoa
Which class exhibits strobilation?
Scyphozoa
Are Cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic?
diploblastic
What germ layers do Cnidarians have?
endoderm and ectoderm
Are germ layers adaptive or derived in Cnidarians?
adaptive
Is the gastrovascular cavity of Cnidarians complete?
no
Are Cnidarians protostomes or dueterostomes?
protostomes?
What type of skeleton do Cnidarians tend to have?
hydrostatic
How does the gastrovascular cavity open to the environment?
mouth
What is the sister phylum of Cnidarians?
Ctenophora
What are Ctenophora?
comb jellies
What are Ctenophora and Cnidaria grouped together as?
Radiate phyla
What is a big difference between Ctenophora and Cnidaria?
Cnidaria have cnidocytes and dimorphism is common in them
cnidocytes
stinging cells
dimorphism
presence in a species of more than morphological kind of individual
-polyp and medusa
What is another name for the polyp form?
hydroid form
How do polyps move?
they don't (sessile)
What is another name for the medusa form?
jellyfish form
What type of movement do medusa have?
free swimming
What class is considered the "true jellies"?
scyphozoans
How do polyps reproduce?
asexually
How do medusa reproduce?
sexually
Are medusa diploid or haploid?
diploid
Are polyps diploid or haploid?
diploid
Are Cnidarian gametes diploid or haploid?
haploid
Why are hydras atypical of the class hyrdozoa?
no medusa stage
Do hydra live in solitude or colonies?
solitude
Are hydras freshwater or marine?
freshwater
Is obelia marine or freshwater?
marine
Do Obelia live in solitude or colonies?
colonies
Are Obelia polyps or medusa bigger?
polyps
Which species of hydrozoa are more plantlike or animal-like in appearence?
Obelia
Is Gonionemus freshwater or marine?
marine
Are Gonionemus polyps or medusa bigger?
medusa
How are medusa produced?
Asexual budding
Where are hydras found?
pools, quiet springs, and spring ponds--- underneath vegetation
hypostome
conical area surrounded by tentacles that bears the mouth
Where are the testes located in a hydra?
bud on its side at the oral end
operculum
tiny lid of a cnidocyte that pops off when the nematocyst discharges
mesoglea
thin, jelly like layer that acts as an elastic skeleton and provides strength and flexibility
Where does extracellular digestion begin?
gastrodermis
cnidocils
tiny hairlike triggers projecting from nematocytes,help discharge the nematocyst
What structure gives a warty appearance on the surface of the tentacles?
cnidocytes
basal disc
how a hydra sticks to surfaces- on the aboral surface
nematocytes
stinging organelle of a cnidocyte
Which cells develop to replace cnidocytes?
interstitial cells
What type of cells make up the epidermis of hydra?
epitheliomuscular cells
Where is the nerve net located?
Right below the epidermal layer
intersitial cells
small dark embryonic cells that can be found at the bases of epitheliomuscular cells
gland cells
secrete mucus onto the body
mesoglea
noncellular layer between the epidermis and gastrodermis, elastic skeleton
What do nutritive-muscular cells do?
-allow the hydra to change shape
-engulf food
-discharge enzymes to the gastrovascular cavity
-cilia keep food circulating
What cells make up the gastrodermis?
nutritive-muscular cells
What cells are found in both the epidermis and gastrodermis?
sensory cells
monoecious
organism has both male and female reproductive parts
dioecious
organism is either male or female
Where are sex organs found in hydra?
epidermis
What do testes contain?
spermatazoa
What side of a hydra are the ovaries found?
the basal end
Where does a hydra zygote form?
attached to the parent
dimorphic
having multiple stages (both polyp and medusa)
What does an Obelia colony arise from?
planula larva
stolon
rootlike fixture used for attachment
coenosarc
the living part of the colony
What secretes the persarc?
the epidermis
perisarc
thin, protective covering of the coensarc
zooids
another name for a polyp
hydranths
nutritive polyps
gongangia
reproductive polyps
Which polyp of Obelia have tentacles
hydranths
mudusae buds
grow on a stalk in the gongangia
pore in the gongangia young medusae escape from
gonopore
found in protected costal and bay areas
Gonionemus
hydrozoan medusae
hyrdromedusae
jellyfish of the class Scyphozoa
syphomedusae
convex/aboral surface fof a medusae
exumbrella
concave (oral) surface of a medusae
subumbrella
make and store nemocysts, help in extracellular digestion, act as sensory organs
tentacular bulb
organs of equilibrium, little sacs containing calcareous secretions
statocysts
circular shelflike membrane that aids in subumbrellar movement
velum
suspended from the central surface of the subumbrellar cavity with the mouth at the distal end
manubrium
surrounds the mouth (x4)
oral lobes
Wht does the gastrovasuclar cavity contain?
gullet, stomach, four radial canals,ring canal
is the mesoglea thicker in the medusa or hydroi form?
medusa
moon jelly
Aurelia auria
Is the mesoglea thicker in hydromedusae or scyphomedusae?
scyphomedusae
lacks a velum
Scyphozoans
body arranged uun multiples of 4
syphomedusae
teramerous radial symmetry
arranged in furs
Are scyphozoans monoiceous or diecous?
dieoucous
Where d embryos develop in scyphozoans?
oral arms
planula larvae
larvae of sscyphozoans, free swimming
substratum
where planular larvae attach to mature
scyphozoan polyps
scyphistomae
buds off youn scyphoxzoan medusae
stobila
young scyphozoan medusae
ephyrae
lion's mane jellyfish
cyanea capiltata
sea wasp
Chironex fleckeri
sense organ containing a statacyst and ocellus
rhopalium
flanks the rhopalium
lappet
what are orl arms modifications of?
manubrium
where re the gonads located in scyphozoan medusae
gastric pouches
subgenitalpit
respiratory function
digestive canal that follows the outer margin
ring cnal
stomach and canal system that resembles a wheel
medusoid gut (scyphozoan)
What tye of digestion do scyphozoan medusae have?
intracellular and extracellular
What bis the most common sea anaenome on the Atlatic coast?
Metridium senile
What class lacks a medusa?
class anthozoa
anthozoan white thradlike structure containing nematocysts usded for defense?
acontia
3 regions of a sea anenomae
oral idsc, basal disc, cylindrical coulumn
smooth surfaced ciliated groove surrounding ananomae's mouth, circulates water
siphonoglyph
peristome
smooth space between the outh and tentacles
primary septa
separates the gastrovasular cavity into 6 chambers
ananomoae gonads
resembles stacks of coins
what class does coral belong to?
anthozoa
rim of coral cup
theca
radial paritions within the theca
sclerosepta
Which class has both polyps and medusa, though one may supressed, velum presetnt
hydrozoa
true jellyfish, medusa dominant, no velum, solitary
scyphozoa
soliatry, no medusa, clusters of 8 bdy plan
staurozoa
solitary, reduced polyp, square medusa cross section, no velum but has a velarium
cubozoa
all polyps, no medusae, gastrovasular caivities separated by mesentaries
anthozoa