The first understanding of disease processes occurred in (the):
a.
Early civilization
c.
19 century
b.
21st century
d.
Middle Ages
C
Despite all of the improvements and advancements in health care, several infectious diseases have recently resurfaced, including:
a.
Strept Throat
c.
Polio
b.
Tuberculosis
d.
Mononucleosis
B
A future national goal for health care is the:
a.
Reduction in services
c.
Increase in Medicaid contribution
b.
Decreased in Managed Care
d.
Elimination of disparities in health care
D
Inadequate nutrition contributes to diseases such as:
a.
Arthritis
c.
Cancer
b.
Lupus
d.
Hearing loss
C
Which of the following is an example of health restoration?
a.
Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint
c.
Surgical excision of a breast cyst
b.
Immunization against the hepatitis B virus
d.
Closure of an abdominal stoma
A
The most important goal in health restoration is:
a.
Regaining losses
c.
Attaining Acceptance
b.
Compensating for losses
d.
Providing Sympathy
A
A 60-year-old client, has been instructed by the public health nurse to begin a program of exercise. You can further explain that the benefits of exercise are:
a.
Rehabilitation after surgery to replace a knee joint
c.
A decrease in the size of the heart muscle
b.
Immunization against the hepatitis B virus
d.
A decrease in blood volume and oxygen demands
A
The level of health prevention that concentrates on retraining and educating to maximize the use of remaining capacities is:
a.
Primary prevention
c.
Tertiary prevention
b.
Secondary prevention
d.
Disability prevention
C
A 65-year old woman has Stage IV pancreatic cancer with very poor prognosis. After the patient receives the bad news from the physician, the nurse should:
a.
Reassure that “everything will be fine”.
c.
Use simple language.
b.
Discourage the patient from talking about the prognosis.
d.
Have lighthearted discussion to relax the patient.
C
The parent of a 6-year-old who is having problems in school shares with the school nurse that she took her child to the pediatrician, and he said he is suffering from PTSD. She tells the nurse she does not understand because she has only heard of PTSD in association with soldiers after combat. The nurse would best reply:
a.
Your son is always fighting when he comes to school
c.
Yes, PTSD only occurs in people who have been in combat
b.
PTSD can occur if your son has had a traumatic experience
d.
This is caused by extreme anxiety and should pass in a few days
B
The person who interprets the message is called the:
a.
Sender
c.
Method
b.
Receiver
d.
Process
B
A form of verbal communication is:
a.
Body Language
c.
Appearance
b.
Gestures
d.
Words
D
Which of the following behaviors by your patient indicates a willingness to communicate?
a.
Downcast
c.
Legs tightly crossed
b.
Face toward you
d.
Slumping posture
B
The purpose of transcultural nursing is to:
a.
Decrease the need for hospitalization
c.
Increase home care effectiveness
b.
Promote patient satisfaction
d.
Promote dependency
B
When a person migrates to another country and takes on the practices of the dominant culture, this is considered:
a.
Assimilation
c.
Paternalism
b.
Individualism
d.
Ethnocentrism
A
A 70-year-old patient admitted to the nursing home speaks with a distinct accent. To determine his cultural or ethnic origin, you would:
a.
Assume this based on his accent
c.
Assume this based on his religion
b.
Assume this based on his name
d.
Ask him directly
D
Differences in skin color, as seen in different races, are thought to be the result of differences in:
a.
Climate and skin pigmentation
c.
Exercise and skin pigmentation
b.
Diet and genetics
d.
Gender and genetics
A
The best time to introduce racial and ethnic tolerance is:
a.
Adulthood
c.
Early Childhood
b.
Adolescence
d.
Middle Age
C
A nurse notices that a Jewish patient on her unit is in his room lighting a Sabbath candle on Friday night. The culturally sensitive response by the nurse would be:
a.
“You are not permitted to have lit candles in this facility.”
c.
“Didn’t you realize you could cause a serious fire in the facility?”
b.
“The fire code prohibits anyone from doing this in his or her room.”
d.
“Let me find out if you can light this candle in the chapel downstairs.”
D
When caring for a patient from a different culture, the health care worker should respect the fact that:
a.
An individual’s decisions are always determined by his or her culture.
c.
Food habits are always controlled by culture.
b.
Culture totally defines one’s health care needs.
d.
Male and female roles are often influenced by culture.
D
A nurse understands that cultural values and practices:
a.
Change as the individual ages
c.
Are inherited, genetic characteristics
b.
Never change over time
d.
Are passed down through generations
D
The key to understanding how a client responds to illness is understanding his or her:
a.
Birth order
c.
Culture
b.
Response to stress
d.
Response to aging
C
Which of the following is a similarity found in all cultures?
a.
Political Organizations
c.
Social Controls
b.
Health Practices
d.
Family size
C
The most important symbol in a culture is:
a.
Language
c.
Food
b.
Art
d.
Dress
A
Which of the following gives a culture stability and security over time?
a.
Learned Behavior
c.
Shared traditions
b.
Integrated Social Patterns
d.
Adaptation
C
The patient has a 2-year-old child and asks how she can instill good discipline. You would tell her to:
a.
Disregard temper tantrums
c.
Calmly say no to change behavior
b.
Provide unsupervised play periods
d.
Offer several choices
D
Two common bonds that hold a family together are:
a.
Persuasion and fortitude
c.
Aggression and firmness
b.
Attachment and commitment
d.
Love and hate
B
Reproduction provides the family with a means of:
a.
Readiness
c.
Structure
b.
Division
d.
Survival
D
A 30 year old , is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for depression. The nurse has encouraged the family to spend time together because this will lead to:
a.
Awareness
c.
Disengagement
b.
Cohesiveness
d.
Fulfillment
B
After birth, a child is given immunization as a way of:
a.
Preventing genetically inherited diseases
c.
Protecting the child from physical injury
b.
Providing protection against current infectious diseases
d.
Providing mental stability
B
Which of the following is an accepted method for the nurse to explain to parents on how to disciplining their toddler?
a.
Redirecting the child’s actions
c.
Slapping the child on the hands to terminate the behavior
b.
Allowing the child to continue a potentially hazardous behavior under direct supervision
d.
Threatening the child
A
Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the:
a.
Conscience
c.
Ego
b.
Libido
d.
Superego
B
A patient regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from:
a.
Unrestrained id dominance
c.
Conflict with the ego
b.
Overdeveloped superego
d.
Unresolved Electra complex
A
When a young man attempts to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away, as the tickets are all sold out. He responds by saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably:
a.
Repressing
c.
Rationalizing
b.
Regressing
d.
Compensating
C
The zygote contains genetic information from the parents. It is represented by a total of:
a.
23 chromosomes
c.
46 chromosomes
b.
46 chromosomes
d.
56 chromosomes
C
A brown-eyed pregnant client asks the nurse if she could have a blue-eyed child. The nurse is correct if she responds:
a.
“The brown-eyed gene is dominant, and the blue-eyed gene is dominant.”
c.
“The brown-eyed gene is recessive, and the blue-eyed gene is dominant.”
b.
“The brown-eyed gene is recessive, and the blue-eyed gene is recessive.”
d.
“The brown-eyed gene is dominant, and the blue-eyed gene is recessive.”
D
The emotional bond between a mother and her newborn infant is called:
a.
Attachment
c.
Enhancement
b.
Engrossment
d.
Commitment
A
On assessment of the newborn, which of the following findings would indicate congenital hip dysplasia?
a.
Symmetry of both legs
c.
An extra gluteal fold in a lower extremity
b.
Displacement of the torso
d.
Absence of reflexes in a lower extremity
C
Meconium is best described as:
a.
Colorless, odorless fecal material
c.
Thick, green-black fecal material
b.
Stools with a light, seeded mustard color
d.
Stools with a watery green color
C
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse immediately report to the doctor?
a.
Crossed eyes when focusing on an object
c.
Slight yellow discoloration of the skin
b.
No urinary output since birth
d.
Brief pinkish discharge from the vagina
B
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse immediately report to the doctor?
a.
Crossed eyes when focusing on an object
c.
Slight yellow discoloration of the skin
b.
No urinary output since birth
d.
Brief pinkish discharge from the vagina
B
A Two-day-old infant has been diagnosed as having physiological jaundice. His parents ask the nurse what could cause this to happen. The nurse states:
a.
Plugging of the sebaceous gland
c.
Destruction of excess red blood cells
b.
Destruction of platelets
d.
Immature blood cells
C
In the newborn, the skull bones are separated by:
a.
Fontanels
c.
Marrow
b.
Sutures
d.
Ligaments
B
After examination of the umbilical cord in the delivery room, the nurse considers it normal if he finds:
a.
Two arteries and one vein
c.
Two veins and two arteries
b.
Two veins and one artery
d.
One vein and one artery
A
The nurse evaluates a 1-year-old child and recognizes that which of the following is a sign of concern and should be reported to the physician?
a.
Smiling at 3 months of age
c.
Failure to sit at 7 months
b.
Four to six words at 1 year
d.
Walking alone at 13 months
C
During pregnancy, mother and fetus are linked through a structure called the:
a.
Umbilical Cord
c.
Placenta
b.
Blastocyst
d.
Pituitary Gland
C
A patient is worried that her 2-½-year-old has not grown in the past few months. The best response by the nurse would be:
a.
“It is normal for growth to be slow at this time.”
c.
“This results from a poor state of nutrition.”
b.
This could be a sign of bone disease.”
d.
“She is expected to grow 4 to 5 inches during this period.”
A
At what age can a child climb stairs two feet at a time?
a.
18 months
c.
2 years
b.
12 months
d.
3 years
C
Hand dominance is not determined until:
a.
15 months
c.
2 years
b.
12 months
d.
3 years
A
Bladder training can usually be accomplished by age:
a.
3 1/2 years
c.
12 months
b.
18 months
d.
2 years
A
After and during toilet training, accidents should be handled:
a.
By scolding the child
c.
Aggressively
b.
In a matter-of-fact way
d.
By punishing the child
B
The mother of 2-½-year-old Jamie is concerned that he is still sucking his thumb and wants to know if he can harm himself. The nurse responds by telling her:
a.
“He has protection against infection because his hands are always moist.”
c.
“His speech may be delayed.”
b.
“It may cause malpositioning of his teeth.”
d.
“He may experience gastrointestinal irritation.”
B
The average per year weight gain during the preschool years is:
a.
1 to 2 pounds
c.
4 to 5 pounds
b.
3 to 4 pounds
d.
5 to 7 pounds
D
Which of the following table skills is present at age 4?
a.
Using a spoon with inverting it
c.
Cutting up food with a knife
b.
Applying butter to bread
d.
Using a knife and fork at the same time
B
A sign of maximum fine motor development in 5-year-olds is that they are able to:
a.
Skip
c.
Print their name
b.
Jump
d.
Ride a bike
C
You would expect a 5-year-old to walk down the stairs:
a.
Using alternating feet
c.
Sideways
b.
Two feet at a time
d.
Backwards
A
At what age is a child expected to have 20/20 vision?
a.
18 months
c.
26 months
b.
2 years
d.
3 years
D
Which of the following assessment findings in the preschool child would be considered normal?
a.
Heart rate 90 to 100
c.
Respiratory rate 20
b.
Blood pressure 120/80
d.
Complete set of primary teeth
A
As 6-year-old enters school, you would expect which of the following accomplishments?
a.
A period of increased growth
c.
A more self-centered person
b.
Relationship closer to family and more distant from peers
d.
Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth
D
Respiratory infections increase in school-age children because of:
a.
An immature immune system
c.
The alveoli balloon
b.
A wider and shorter trachea
d.
Increased exposure to other children
D
The caloric intake of the school-age child is determined by:
a.
Heart rate and blood pressure
c.
Cognitive ability
b.
Organ maturity and function
d.
Activity and metabolism
D
A patient is instructed at the health clinic to limit her 9-year-old’s intake of saturated fats. She understands the instructions if she tells you she will avoid giving him:
a.
Vegetable oils
c.
Dairy products
b.
Nut oils
d.
Sunflower oil
C
Which of the following is not an accomplishment of children ages 4 to 6?
a.
They begin to grow their deciduous teeth
c.
They become less self-centered and more goal-oriented
b.
They move away from family toward peers
d.
Their sexual energies are dormant
A
The goal of school age is to provide:
a.
Moral development
c.
Self-satisfaction
b.
Discipline
d.
Sex Role Identity
C
Your neighbor is discussing a problem her 7-year-old son is having in school. She has just discovered that he is being bullied. She is handling the problem correctly if she tells you she plans to:
a.
Go to the school and confront the bully herself
c.
Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope
b.
Send the older child with him so they both can handle the situation
d.
Call the police before her son is harmed
C
Secondary sex characteristics include:
a.
Release of testosterone
c.
Maturation of gonads
b.
Release of estrogen
d.
Increased activity of the sweat gland
D
The average blood loss during menstrual flow is:
a.
30-60 mL
c.
5-10 mL
b.
10-15 mL
d.
50-100 mL
A
Feelings of self-doubt in the teenage years can be stimulated by:
a.
Closeness to peers
c.
Feelings of attachment to someone
b.
Belonging to a gang
d.
Inability to select a goal
D
The teen’s need for freedom and independence may result in:
a.
Renewed closeness to parents
c.
Mimicking behavior of the parent of the same sex
b.
Identification with the parent of the opposite sex
d.
Moving away from the family and home
D
Puberty is best defined as the period in which:
a.
Visual maturity is achieved
c.
The individual attains preoperational thought
b.
The individual attains object permanence
d.
The body prepares for reproduction
D
The most common type of hearing loss seen in the early adult years is:
a.
Low-frequency
c.
Close noises
b.
Mixed acoustics
d.
High-frequency
D
As part of a pulmonary function test, the doctor measures vital capacity. Vital capacity refers to the lungs’ ability to:
a.
Retain air on expiration
c.
Move air in and out
b.
Hold an above normal capacity of air
d.
Hold maximum air capacity
C
The motivating force for the adult learner is:
a.
Recognition
c.
Appropriateness
b.
Socialization
d.
Memory encoding
A
Which of the following has the highest risk of heart disease?
a.
A 36-year-old man with a cholesterol level of 210
c.
A 40-year-old patient whose intake of fat is 50% of the daily intake
b.
A 27-year-old patient whose dietary protein intake is 15% of the total intake
d.
A 20-year-old man on a vegetarian diet
C
A Thirty-eight-year-old complains of insomnia. You would instruct her that in order to relieve the insomnia, it is best if she:
a.
Eats a high-fat meal 1/2 hour before sleep
c.
Goes to bed only when she is tired
b.
Exercises in the early afternoon
d.
Gets into bed and watches television
B
Resistance exercise is usually recommended in health promotion to provide:
a.
Increased muscle mass
c.
Decreased joint pain
b.
Increased cardiac output
d.
Increased muscle relaxation
A
A patient has had her yearly Pap smear; the result is a class II. You would interpret this to mean that :
a.
The patient has cancer of the uterus.
c.
The patient has atypical cells.
b.
The patient has a normal smear.
d.
The patient has cancer of the ovaries.
C
A Forty-two-year-old has a history of periodontal disease. You would instruct her that to prevent a flare-up, she should:
a.
Increase her intake of sucrose
c.
Keep the oral mucosa dry
b.
Increase her intake of calcium
d.
Perform proper dental care
D
Self-absorption, when seen in middle age, is most commonly due to:
a.
Depression
c.
Social isolation
b.
Unresolved generativity
d.
Financial isolation
B
The period of middle age is often depicted as a time of:
a.
Peak physical attractiveness
c.
Decline in function
b.
Lack of control over one’s life
d.
Peak health
C
Which of the following goals is not generally associated with middle adulthood?
a.
Adjusting to new family roles
c.
Accelerated motor activity
b.
Establishing new family roles
d.
Enjoying economic stability
C
A slight increase in blood pressure associated with middle age is due to:
a.
Increased respiratory effort
c.
Increased cardiac muscle recovery
b.
Loss of elasticity in the heart muscle
d.
Decline in diaphragmatic performance
B
What is true of the relationship between middle-aged adults and their aging parents?
a.
Bonds tend to weaken
c.
Bonds tend to strengthen
b.
Aging parents become dependent on their middle-aged children
d.
Aging parents move physically and emotionally far away from their grown children
B
A terminally ill patient has just been placed in hospice care. The family asks you about the objective for this unit. You would explain that the emphasis is on:
a.
Care
c.
Shortening the life span
b.
Comfort
d.
Dying as an abnormal process
B
A person experiencing the third stage of Bowlby’s theory of mourning will present with which of the following?
a.
Longing for the deceased
c.
Anger over the loss
b.
Numbing of feelings
d.
Acceptance of the loss
C
The defense mechanism of __________ protects individuals by blocking information that threatens one’s equilibrium.
a.
Reaction Formation
c.
Denial
b.
Rationalization
d.
Regression
C
Spirituality refers to:
a.
One’s action
c.
One’s ethnicity
b.
One’s race
d.
Internal beliefs about their superior being
D
Which of the following is a biological theory of aging?
a.
Disengagement
c.
Activity
b.
Continuity
d.
Wear and Tear
D
Tooth loss in the geriatric patient is considered:
a.
A natural process
c.
A result of decreased elasticity in the muscles
b.
A result of bone loss
d.
A result of poor dental hygiene
D
A Eighty-four-year-old in the long-term care unit, complains frequently of being cold. This response is probably due to:
a.
Fragility of the skin
c.
Loss of elasticity in the connective tissue
b.
An increase in the number of sweat glands
d.
Loss of adipose tissue
D
In beginning nutritional education in an elderly patient, of least importance to the nurse is:
a.
Educational Level
c.
Cultural and Ethnic Practices
b.
Economic factors
d.
Color and texture of food.
D
The theory of aging that suggests adjustment to aging depends on the person’s ability to maintain his or her life patterns well into aging is:
a.
Disengagement theory
c.
Free radical theory
b.
Clockwork theory
d.
Activity theory
D
The nurse recognizes that which interventions are likely to facilitate effective communication between a dying client and family? (Select all that apply).
a.
The nurse encourages the client and family to identify and discuss feelings openly.
d.
The nurse makes decisions for the client and family to relieve them of unnecessary demands.
b.
The nurse assists the client and family in carrying out spirituality meaningful practices.
e.
The nurse maintains a calm attitude and one of acceptance when the family or client expresses anger.
c.
The nurse removes autonomy from the client to alleviate any unnecessary stress for the client.
ABE
A health care worker is caring for a patient who is visiting the United States for the first time. The patient sustained internal injuries after an accident and was hospitalized. To deliver competent care, it would be most appropriate to (select all that apply):
a.
Tell the patient she will be all right because you share similar beliefs
d.
Understand that the patient’s pain tolerance may differ from your own
b.
Ask the patient if she has any special needs
e.
Tell the patient the faster she tries to learn this culture, the easier her hospitalization will be
c.
Be aware that the patient’s nonverbal cues may be different from your own
BCD
A parent may suspect their teenage son is using drugs because of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Seeking more privacy
d.
Episodes of watery eyes
b.
Lack of interest in friends
e.
Change in hygiene habits
c.
Change in appetite
ABCE
The nurse in a community setting provides guidance and educates middle-aged clients as to the developmental tasks of this stage, including
a.
Adjusting to menopause
d.
Establishing leisure interests
b.
Establishing a positive influence on one’s children and community
e.
Possibly changing careers
c.
Adjusting to role changes
f.
Adjusting to changes in sexuality
CE
The nurse in a community setting provides guidance and educates middle-aged clients as to the developmental tasks of this stage, including
a.
Adjusting to menopause
d.
Establishing leisure interests
b.
Establishing a positive influence on one’s children and community
e.
Possibly changing careers
c.
Adjusting to role changes
f.
Adjusting to changes in sexuality
ABCDE
Factors that may contribute to osteoporosis include (select all that apply):
a.
Lack of exercise
d.
Early menopause
b.
High calcium intake
e.
High Caffeine intake
c.
High alcohol consumption
ACDE
A nurse is giving a presentation about accident prevention to a group of parents of toddlers. Which of the following accident-prevention strategies should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Store toxic agents in locked cabinets.
d.
Place safety gates across the stairs.
b.
Keep toilet seats up.
e.
Make sure balloons are fully inflated.
c.
Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
ACD
The student nurse is providing follow-up teaching to a group of clients on how to maintain a healthy diet. The student nurse must first understand that which of the following factors can affect the selection of a healthy diet? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Cultural Preferences
d.
Economic Status
b.
Client’s Knowledge Level
e.
Being a picky eater
c.
Access to foods
ABCD