phenotypic
observation of microbe's morphology, physiology, and biochemical properties
immunologic
analysis of antibodies
genotypic
analysis of DNA or RNA
Analyzing the chemical composition of a microbe's cell wall or membranes is a(n)____________________ method of microbial identification.
phenotypic
Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when microbial antigens in a patient sample are tested with _____.
antibodies of known specificity
Which represent advantages of genotypic methods for diagnosing infections?
- Identifies organisms that are not easily cultured in the lab
- Speed of obtaining results
Using sterile sample containers is an essential feature of the general ______ procedures used to prevent contamination during specimen
aseptic
Correctly match each identification technique with the correct
category of identification methods
Gram stain reaction
Phenotypic Method
Correctly match each identification technique with the correct category of identification methods
DNA sequence analysis
Genotypic Method
Correctly match each identification technique with the correct category of identification methods
Antibody precipitation reaction
Immunologic Method
examples of phenotypic methods of identification?
- susceptibility to tetracycline
- enzymatic activities
- optimal pH for growth
Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when a patient sample is tested for the presence of antibodies to _____.
a suspected pathogen
Before collecting specimens to examine for possible bacterial infection, a health care provider should first examine the patient for signs like _____.
- wound exudate
- abnormal lesions
- fever
Performing an assay for the presence of oxidase or determining susceptibility to antibiotics are _____ methods of bacterial identification.
phenotypic
NOT phenotypic methods for direct examination of a specimen?
- hybridization to probe
- DNA sequencing
- PCR
Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when microbial antigens in a patient sample are tested with _____.
antibodies of known specificity
Which term refers to nutrient media designed to favor the growth of certain bacteria over others?
selective media
Selective media should be used to enrich a patient sample for a suspected pathogen when _____
- the normal microbiota will grow faster than the pathogen
- the pathogen is present in small numbers
Nutrient media designed to discriminate between species of microorganisms based upon their appearance due to different chemical reactions are called ________ media
differential
Before collecting specimens to examine for possible bacterial infection, a health care provider should first examine the patient for _____.
signs like fever, wound exudate, or abnormal lesions
Observations of the physiological reactions of bacteria to various substrates and the actions of other enzyme products are used in
biochemical testing
Phenotypic methods for microbial identification include microscopic observation of ______.
Multiple select question.
- stained specimens
- fresh specimens
When a pathogen is present in small numbers or the normal microbiota will rapidly outgrow it, _____ media should be used to enrich a patient sample for the suspected pathogen.
selective
Media that change in appearance based on chemical reactions and discriminate between different bacterial species are called
differential media
Physiological reactions of bacteria to carbohydrates, gelatin, starch, and other substrates are examples of
biochemical
Which of the following is one of the most rapid ways of determining the general characteristics of a specimen?
Microscopic observation
would NOT be clinically significant in determining the presence of an infection?
- Absence of microbes in blood
- Isolation of small numbers of E. coli from urine sample
- Isolation of Staphylococcus species from the skin
Selective media should be used to enrich a patient sample for a suspected pathogen when _____.
- the pathogen is present in small numbers
- the normal microbiota will grow faster than the pathogen
Nutrient media designed to discriminate between species of microorganisms based upon their appearance due to different chemical reactions are called
differential media
Testing that is based on visualization of specific antibody and antigen reactions, where the use of a known antigen can identify the presence of an unknown antibody or the use of a known antibody can identify the presence of an unknown antigen, is called
Immunological testing
Observations of the physiological reactions of bacteria to various substrates and the actions of other enzyme products are used in
biochemical testing
At the molecular level, immunologic testing involves the binding of an antibody to a specific site called the
epitope on an antigen.
NOT phenotypic methods for direct examination of a specimen?
- PCR
- DNA sequencing
- hybridization to probe
Which of the following would be clinically significant in determining presence of an infection?
Presence of a few colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sputum culture
immunologic testing is based on visualization of specific antibody and antigen reactions, where the use of a known antigen can identify the presence of an unknown _______ or the use of a known antibody can identify the presence of an unknown ___________________ .
anitbody
antigen