___ is secreted by all preganglionic neurons in both divisions; whereas ___ is only secreted by most sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
A) acetylcholine...dopamine
B) norepinephrine...adrenaline
C) acetylcholine...norepinephrine
D) dopamine...norepinephrine
C
Postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion by way of the unmyelinated ___.
A) spinal nerves
B) white communicating ramus
C) splanchnic nerves
D) gray communicating ramus
D
___ is when each preganglionic cell branches and synapses with 10-20 postganglionic nerves. This is commonly found in the ___ nervous system.
A) neuronal convergence...parasympathetic
B) neuronal divergence...sympathetic
C) neuronal convergence...sympathetic
D) neuronal divergence...parasympathetic
B
The sympathetic nervous system has ___ preganglionic fibers and ____ postganglionic fibers.
A) short...short
B) long...short
C) long...long
D) short...long
D
Effectors in body wall are innervated by sympathetic fibers in ___ nerves; effectors in head and thoracic cavity are innervated by fibers in ___ nerves; and effectors in abdominal cavity are innervated by sympathetic fibers in ___ nerves.
A) splanchnic...sympathetic...splanchnic
B) spinal...sympathetic...splanchnic
C) splanchnic...sympathetic...spinal
D) sympathetic...spinal...splanchnic
B
___ regulates most digestive activities of the body.
A) autonomic nervous system
B) enteric system
C) somatic nervous system
D) visceral reflex system
B
___ keeps most blood vessels partially constricted and maintains blood pressure.
A) parasympathetic tone
B) epithelial cells of vessels
C) sympathetic tone
D) somatic reflexes
C
___ such as cold medicine, enhance sympathetic activity, whereas ___, such as β blockers, suppress sympathetic activity.
A) sympathomimetics...sympatholytics
B) parasympathomimetics...sympatholytic
C) sympatholytics...sympathomimetics
D) sympathomimetics...parasympatholytics
A
Which of these statements concerning autonomic pathways is INCORRECT?
A) contains presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
B) All of these statements concerning autonomic pathways are correct
C) signal must travel across two neurons to get to the target organ
D) contains autonomic ganglion
B
splanchnic nerves pass through the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing. Instead they lead to a second set of ganglia called ___.
A) target organ
B) white and grey ramus
C) plexuses
D) collateral ganglia
D
the adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, and many blood vessels receive ____.
A) only parasympathetic fibers
B) only sympathetic fibers
C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
D) none of these
B
the ___ ("fight or flight") causes an increase in HR, BP, airflow, blood glucose levels, etc
A) parasympathetic nervous sys.
B) sympathetic nervous sys.
C) autonomic nervous sys.
D) enteric nervous sys.
B