Central Science: Chapter 7 Flashcards

In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) O, S, Se
B) N, O, F
C) Na, Mg, K
D) S, Se, Si
E) Ne, Na, Mg

In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) P, Se, I
B) Cl, Br, Na
C) Si, As, Te
D) Ne, Na, Mg
E) Br, I, At

Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger ________ in Ar.
A) nuclear charge
B) paramagnetism
C) diamagnetism
D) Hund's rule
E) azimuthal quantum number

Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is ________.
A) less efficient than that by valence electrons
B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
C) essentially identical to that by valence electrons
D) responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E) both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group

The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by ________.
A) inner electrons
B) outer electrons
C) nuclear charge
D) electron distribution
E) orbital radial probability

The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because ________.
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases

Atomic radius generally increases as we move ________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect

Atomic radius generally decreases as we move ________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect

Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?
A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
E) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na

Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Ca, K, As, Ge and Kr?
A) Ca > K > As > Ge > Kr
B) Kr > Ge > As > K > Ca
C) Ge > As > Kr > K > Ca
D) K > Ca > Ge > As > Kr
E) Kr > As > Ge > Ca > K

Which compound has the smallest ionic separation?
A) NaCl
B) NaBr
C) NaI
D) NaF
E) KF

Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?
A) B5-, Si4-, As3-, Te2-
B) F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
C) S, Cl, Ar, K
D) Si2-, P2-, S2-, Cl2-
E) O2-, F-, Ne, Na+

Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?
A) K+ < Ca2+ < Ar < Cl-
B) < Ar < K+ < Ca2+
C) Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl-
D) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl-
E) Ca2+ < K+ < Cl- < Ar

Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al
C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar
D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar
E) S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar

Rank the following in terms of decreasing first ionization energies?
A) Ne > O > N > Be > B
B) Ne > N > O > B > Be
C) Ne > O > N > B > Be
D) Ne > N > O > Be > B
E) B > Be > O > N > Ne

________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.
A) Alkali metals
B) Transition elements
C) Halogens
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases

Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of gallium?
A) Ga (g) → Ga+ (g) + e-
B) Ga+ (g) → Ga2+ (g) + e-
C) Ga2- (g) + e- → Ga3- (g)
D) Ga2+ (g) → Ga3+ (g) + e-
E) Ga+ (g) + e- → Ga2+ (g)

Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?
A) Al2+ (g) + e- → Al+ (g)
B) Al (g) → Al+ (g) + e-
C) Al2- (g) + e- → Al3- (g)
D) Al2+ (g) + e- → Al3+ (g)
E) Al2+ (g) → Al3+ (g) + e-

Which of the following correctly represents the first ionization of oxygen?
A) O (g) → O+ (g) + e-
B) O+ (g) + e- → O2+ (g)
C) O (g) + e- → O- (g)
D) O- (g) + e- → O2- (g)
E) O+ (g) + e- → O (g)

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
B) Ca (g) → Ca- (g) + e-
C) Ca (g) + e- → Ca- (g)
D) Ca- (g) → Ca (g) + e-
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
B) Ca+ (g) → Ca2+ (g) + e-
C) Ca- (g) + e- → Ca2- (g)
D) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca2+ (g)
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of copper?
A) Cu (g) → Cu+ (g) + e-
B) Cu+ (g) → Cu2+ (g) + e-
C) Cu- (g) + e- → Cu2- (g)
D) Cu+ (g) + e- → Cu2+ (g)
E) Cu+ (g) + e- → Cu (g)

Which ion below has the largest radius?
A) Cl-
B) K+
C) Br-
D) F-
E) Na+

Which of the following species has the smallest ionic radius?
A) Al3+
B) Na+
C) Mg2+
D) S2-
E) Cl-

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest first ionization energy is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have the least negative electron affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)

Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) P
B) Al
C) Si
D) Cl
E) BOf the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) S
B) Cl
C) Se
D) Br
E) I

Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) P
B) Al
C) Si
D) Cl
E) B

Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) O
B) K
C) B
D) Na
E) S

Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because ________.
A) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
E) chlorine is more metallic than sodium

Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?
A) Ca (g) + e- → Ca- (g)
B) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
C) Ca (g) → Ca- (g) + e-
D) Ca- (g) → Ca (g) + e-
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)

Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?
A) Br (g) → Br+ (g) + e-
B) Br (g) + e- → Br- (g)
C) Br2 (g) + e- → Br- (g)
D) Br2 (g) + 2e- → 2Br- (g)
E) Br+ (g) + e- → Br (g)

Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of phosphorus?
A) P (g) → P+ (g) + e-
B) P (g) + e- → P- (g)
C) P4 (g) + e- → P- (g)
D) P4 (g) + 4e- → 4P- (g)
E) P+ (g) + e- → P (g)

In the generation of most anions, the energy change (kJ/mol) that ________ an electron is ________.
A) removes, positive
B) adds, positive
C) removes, negative
D) adds, negative
E) None of the above is correct.

Of the elements below, ________ is the most metallic.
A) sodium
B) barium
C) magnesium
D) calcium
E) cesium

The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is ________.
A) B > N > C
B) F > Cl > S
C) Si > P > S
D) P > S > Se
E) Na > K > Rb

Which of the following has the most metallic character?
A) Al
B) Ca
C) Mg
D) Sr
E) Si

Of the elements below, ________ has the highest melting point.
A) Ca
B) K
C) Fe
D) Na
E) Ba

Of the following metals, ________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Al
B) Rb
C) Mg
D) Ni
E) Cs

Which of the listed oxides is the most acidic?
A) SO3
B) Na2O
C) K2O
D) Al2O3
E) MgO

Reacting CO2 with water results in a(n) ________ solution.
A) ionic
B) neutral
C) basic
D) acidic
E) CO2 does not react with water

The element in the periodic table that looks like a metal, is a poor thermal conductor, and acts as an electrical semiconductor is ________.
A) Sn
B) B
C) As
D) Si
E) Ge

Which of the following metals differ in the number of d-electrons?
A) Fe and Cu
B) Mg and Fe
C) Na and Rh
D) Cs and Ca
E) Ca and Na

Which of the following oxides do not produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?
A) SO3
B) P2O5
C) CO2
D) Al2O3
E) Cl2O

Nonmetals can be ________ at room temperature.
A) solid, liquid, or gas
B) solid or liquid
C) solid only
D) liquid only
E) liquid or gas

Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?
A) acidic oxides
B) low ionization energies
C) malleability
D) ductility
E) These are all characteristics of metals.

When two elements combine to form a compound, the ________ the difference in metallic character between the two elements, the ________ the likelihood that the compound will be a ________ at room temperature.
A) smaller, greater, solid
B) greater, greater, liquid
C) greater, greater, solid
D) smaller, greater, liquid
E) greater, smaller, solid

Alkaline earth metals ________.
A) have the smallest atomic radius in a given period
B) form monoanions
C) form basic oxides
D) exist as triatomic molecules
E) form halides with the formula MX

The difference in metallic character is the smallest between ________.
A) Li and O
B) Rb and F
C) Na and I
D) Rb and Cl
E) Na and Mg

The oxide of which element can react with water to give a basic solution?
A) sulfur
B) calcium
C) phosphorus
D) nitrogen
E) carbon

Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵ and the following statements:

(i) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions.
(ii) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large positive electron affinities.
(iii) Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv) Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides.

Which statements are true?
A) (i) and (ii)
B) (i), (ii), and (iii)
C) (ii) and (iii)
D) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
E) All statements are true.

Which group in the periodic table has the lowest first ionization energy?
A) VIA
B) IA
C) IIIA
D) IIA
E) VIIA

Which of the following elements is the most reactive in water?
A) Na
B) Rb
C) Cs
D) Li
E) K

Which one of the following is not true about the alkali metals?
A) They are low density solids at room temperature.
B) They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
C) They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells.
D) They are very reactive elements.
E) They have the lowest first ionization energies of the elements.

Consider the following properties of an element:

(i) It is solid at room temperature.
(ii) It easily forms an oxide when exposed to air.
(iii) When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves.
(iv) It must be stored submerged in oil.

Which element fits the above description the best?
A) sulfur
B) copper
C) mercury
D) sodium
E) magnesium

All of the following reactions concerning alkali metals are correct except ________.
A) 2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
B) Na (s) + O2 (g) → NaO2 (s)
C) 2Na (s) + H2 (g) → 2NaH (s)
D) 2Na (s) + S (s) → Na2S (s)
E) 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2NaCl (s)

The reaction of alkali metals with oxygen produce ________.
A) oxides, peroxides, and superoxides
B) peroxides only
C) superoxides only
D) oxides only
E) none of the above

Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because ________.
A) alkali metals have lower densities
B) alkali metals have lower melting points
C) alkali metals have greater electron affinities
D) alkali metals have lower ionization energies
E) Alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals.

The alkali metal that is naturally radioactive is ________.
A) rubidium
B) cesium
C) lithium
D) francium
E) sodium

Lithium ion salts were originally found in Seven-Up® drinks. How many electrons does Li atom lose to become an ion?
A) 4
B) 3
C) 0
D) 1
E) 2

Lithium ion salts were used to treat manic-depressive illness. Lithium is part of which group in the periodic table?
A) alkali metals
B) noble gases
C) alkaline earth metals
D) halogens
E) chalcogens

Which alkaline earth metal will not react with liquid water or with steam?
A) Be
B) Mg
C) Ca
D) Ba
E) They all react with liquid water and with steam.

Which element is solid at room temperature?
A) Cl2
B) F2
C) Br2
D) I2
E) H2

________ is a unique element and does not truly belong to any family.
A) Nitrogen
B) Radium
C) Hydrogen
D) Uranium
E) Helium

Which of the following statements is not true for oxygen?
A) The most stable allotrope of oxygen is O2.
B) The chemical formula of ozone is O3.
C) Dry air is about 79% oxygen.
D) Oxygen forms peroxide and superoxide anions.
E) Oxygen is a colorless gas at room temperature.

All of the following elements can exist as allotropes except ________.
A) N
B) Ar
C) O
D) S
E) F

Which of the following elements can exist as an allotrope?
A) iron
B) carbon
C) silver
D) silicon
E) neon

All of the halogens ________.
A) exist under ambient conditions as diatomic gases
B) tend to form positive ions of several different charges
C) tend to form negative ions of several different charges
D) exhibit metallic character
E) form salts with alkali metals with the formula MX

The noble gases were, until relatively recently, thought to be entirely unreactive. Experiments in the early 1960s showed that Xe could, in fact, form compounds with fluorine. The formation of compounds consisting of Xe is made possible by ________.
A) the availability of xenon atoms
B) xenon's noble gas electron configuration
C) the stability of xenon atoms
D) xenon's relatively low ionization energy
E) xenon's relatively low electron affinity

Which of the following noble gases is not reactive?
A) xenon and argon
B) helium and neon
C) xenon only
D) xenon, krypton, and argon
E) None of the above are reactive

In nature, the noble gases exist as ________.
A) monatomic gaseous atoms
B) the gaseous fluorides
C) solids in rocks and in minerals
D) alkali metal salts
E) the sulfides

Hydrogen is unique among the elements because ________.

1. It is not really a member of any particular group.
2. Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus.
3. It is the lightest element.
4. It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas.
5. It exhibits some chemical properties similar to those of groups 1A and 7A.

A) 1, 2, 3, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 1, 4, 5
D) 3, 4
E) 2, 3, 4, 5

________ is unique among the elements because its electron is not shielded from its nucleus.
A) Cesium
B) Potassium
C) Hydrogen
D) Lithium
E) Sodium

Ozone is a a(n) ________ of oxygen.
A) isotope
B) allotrope
C) precursor
D) peroxide
E) free radical

iodine has a(n) ________ density and a(n) ________ atomic radius compared to bromine.
A) smaller, greater
B) greater, smaller
C) smaller, smaller
D) greater, greater
E) equal, equal

________ has been shown to form compounds only when it is combined with something with a tremendous ability to remove electrons from other substances.
A) Neon
B) Helium
C) Hydrogen
D) Xenon
E) Oxygen

________ is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers.
A) Dmitri Mendeleev
B) Lothar Meyer
C) Henry Moseley
D) Ernest Rutherford
E) Michael Faraday

Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing ________.
A) oxidation number
B) atomic mass
C) average atomic mass
D) atomic number
E) number of isotopes

The greatest effective nuclear charge in a many-electron atom is experienced by an electron in a ________ subshell.
A) 6s
B) 5s
C) 2s
D) 4s
E) 3s

A tin atom has 50 electrons. Electrons in the ________ subshell experience the lowest effective nuclear charge.
A) 1s
B) 3p
C) 3d
D) 5s
E) 5p

The first ionization energies of the elements ________ as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table, and ________ as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.
A) increase, increase
B) increase, decrease
C) decrease, increase
D) decrease, decrease
E) The first ionization energies of the elements are completely unpredictable.

In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right:

(1) the atomic radius ________;
(2) the electron affinity becomes ________ negative; and
(3) the first ionization energy ________.

A) decreases, decreasingly, increases
B) increases, increasingly, decreases
C) increases, increasingly, increases
D) decreases, increasingly, increases
E) decreases, increasingly, decreases

The ________ have the most negative electron affinities.
A) alkaline earth metals
B) alkali metals
C) halogens
D) transition metals
E) chalcogens

Element M reacts with chlorine to form a compound with the formula MCl2. Element M is more reactive than magnesium and has a smaller radius than barium. This element is ________.
A) Sr
B) K
C) Na
D) Ra
E) Be

________ can be ________ at room temperature.
A) metals, liquid only
B) metals, solid only
C) metals; solid, liquid, or gases
D) metals, solid or liquid
E) metals, solid or gases

Most of the elements on the periodic table are ________.
A) gases
B) nonmetals
C) metalloids
D) liquids
E) metals

Na reacts with element X to form an ionic compound with the formula Na3X. Ca will react with X to form ________.
A) CaX2
B) CaX
C) Ca2X3
D) Ca3X2
E) Ca3X

Ca reacts with element X to form an ionic compound with the formula CaX. Al will react with X to form ________.
A) AlX2
B) AlX
C) Al2X3
D) Al3X2
E) Al3X

Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form ________.
A) metal hydroxides
B) metal hydrides
C) hydrogen gas
D) oxygen gas
E) water and a salt

Oxides of the active metals combine with acid to form ________.
A) hydrogen gas
B) metal hydrides
C) water and a salt
D) oxygen gas
E) metal hydroxides

Oxides of most nonmetals combine with water to form ________.
A) an acid
B) a base
C) water and a salt
D) water
E) hydrogen gas

Nonmetal oxides such as CO2 combine with NaOH to form water and ________.
A) HOCO3
B) NaCO3
C) Na2CO3
D) NaCO2
E) Na2CO2

An alkaline earth metal forms a compound with oxygen with the formula ________. (The symbol M represents any one of the alkaline earth metals.)
A) MO
B) M2O
C) MO2
D) M2O2
E) MO3

An alkali metal such as K forms a compound with chlorine gas with the formula ________.
A) K2Cl2
B) KCl
C) K2Cl
D) KCl2
E) KCl3

What is the coefficient of Na when the following equation is completed and balanced?

Na (s) + H2O (l) →

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 2
E) 0

The substance ________ is always produced when an active metal reacts with water.
A) NaOH
B) H2O
C) CO2
D) H2
E) O2

The reaction between alkali metals (M) and elemental hydrogen produce ________.
A) MH2
B) MH
C) M2H
D) MOH
E) None of the above; alkali metals will not react directly with hydrogen.

What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is completed and balanced?

Ca (s) + H2O (l) →

A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) 5
E) Ca(s) does not react with H2O (l).

________ compounds in fireworks are responsible for the observed blue colors.
A) sodium
B) barium
C) calcium
D) copper
E) strontium

________ compounds in fireworks are responsible for the observed green colors.
A) barium
B) strontium
C) calcium
D) copper
E) sodium

The reaction of a metal with a nonmetal produces a(n) ________.
A) base
B) salt
C) acid
D) oxide
E) hydroxide

Which nonmetal exists as a diatomic solid?
A) bromine
B) antimony
C) phosphorus
D) iodine
E) boron

The most common and stable allotrope of oxygen is ________.
A) O
B) O2
C) O4
D) O3
E) oxygen does not form allotropes.

Which group 6A element is a metal?
A) tellurium and polonium
B) sulfur
C) selenium
D) tellurium
E) polonium

A nitride ion has a charge of ________.
A) 3-
B) 2-
C) 1-
D) 0
E) nitrogen does not form ions.

The element carbon exists in several forms such diamond and graphite in nature. These forms are called ________.
A) isotopes
B) oxidation
C) metalloids
D) allotropes
E) noble gases

Which periodic table group contains only nonmetals?
A) 8A
B) 2A
C) 6A
D) 7A
E) 5A

Which periodic table group contains only metals?
A) 8A
B) 2A
C) 6A
D) 7A
E) 5A

Of the hydrogen halides, only ________ is a weak acid.
A) HCl (aq)
B) HBr (aq)
C) HF (aq)
D) HI (aq)
E) They are all weak acids.

Which of the groups in the periodic table contains elements that exist in the gas, liquid, and solid state at room temperature?
A) IA
B) IIA
C) VA
D) VIA
E) VIIA

All of the following noble gases have a ns²np⁶ valence electron configuration except ________.
A) helium
B) radon
C) neon
D) krypton
E) All noble gases have the ns²np⁶ valence electron configuration.

________ was the first ________ gas to be incorporated into a compound.
A) Xeon, chalcogen
B) Xeon, halogen
C) Chlorine, noble
D) Neon, noble
E) Xeon, noble

Of the halogens, which are gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure?
A) fluorine, bromine, and iodine
B) fluorine, chlorine, and bromine
C) fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
D) fluorine, chlorine, and iodine
E) fluorine and chlorine

2F2 (g) + 2H2O (l) → ________
A) 2HF (aq) + 2HFO (aq)
B) 2F- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + H2O2 (aq)
C) 4HF (aq) + O2 (g)
D) 2HF2 (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
E) 4HF (aq) + 2O^2- (aq)

Cl2 (g) + H2O (l) → ________
A) HCl (aq) + HOCl (aq)
B) 2Cl- (aq) + H2O (l)
C) 2HCl (aq) + O2 (g)
D) 2HCl (aq) + O_2- (g)
E) Cl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

Which element would be expected to have chemical and physical properties closest to those of rubidium?
A) Cu
B) Fe
C) S
D) Ca
E) K

In which orbital does an electron in a nitrogen atom experience the greatest shielding?
A) 3p
B) 3s
C) 2p
D) 2s
E) 1s

In which orbital does an electron in a copper atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge?
A) 1s
B) 4s
C) 4p
D) 4d
E) 3d

In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?
A) S
B) Po
C) Te
D) Se
E) P

________ is isoelectronic with helium.
A) H-
B) H+
C) H
D) B3-
E) N3-

________ is isoelectronic with krypton.
A) Se2-
B) Se3-
C) Br
D) Se2+
E) Te2-

________ is isoelectronic with argon.
A) Cl-
B) P4-
C) Ca
D) K-
E) F-

________ is isoelectronic with scandium.
A) Cr3+
B) Mn5+
C) Mn
D) Mn4-
E) K+

________ is isoelectronic with argon, and ________ is isoelectronic with neon.
A) P3-, N3-
B) P2-, N2-
C) P3+, N3+
D) N3-, P3-
E) P, N

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) In
B) Sn
C) Sb
D) Te
E) I

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) As
B) O
C) Sn
D) Cs
E) Ca

Which one of the following has the smallest radius?
A) Na
B) Al
C) K
D) Ca

Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?
A) Ge < Si < S < O < Ne
B) Ne < O < S < Si < Ge
C) Ne < S < O < Si < Ge
D) Ne < Si < O < S < Ge
E) Ne < Ge < Si < S < O

The ion with the smallest diameter is ________.
A) Li+
B) Na+
C) K+
D) Rb+
E) Cs+

The ion with the largest diameter is ________.
A) Po2-
B) S2-
C) Se2-
D) Te2-
E) O2-

Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy?
A) K
B) Rb
C) Sr
D) Ca
E) Ba

Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?
A) Si
B) Mg
C) Al
D) Na
E) P

Which equation correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?
A) Al2+(g) → Al3+(g) + e-
B) Al(g) → Al+(g) + e-
C) Al2-(g) → Al3-(g) + e-
D) Al3+(g) + e- → Al2+(g)
E) Al+(g) → Al2+(g) + e-

Which is the correct equation for the third ionization of phosphorous?
A) P2+(g) → P3+(g) + e-
B) P(g) → P+(g) + e-
C) P2-(g) → P3-(g) + e-
D) P3+(g) + e- → P2+(g)
E) P+(g) → P2+(g) + e-

Which is the correct equation for the first ionization of copper?
A) Cu(g) → Cu+(g) + e-
B) Cu+(g) → Cu2+(g) + e-
C) Cu(g) → Cu-(g) + e-
D) Cu+(g) + e- → Cu(g)
E) Cu2+(g) → Cu3+(g) + e-

Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) F
B) Cl
C) Br
D) H
E) I

Which one of the following is a metalloid?
A) Si
B) S
C) Cl
D) In
E) Li

Which one of the following is a metal?
A) Li
B) S
C) I
D) He
E) Si

Of the elements below, ________ is the most metallic.
A) Sn
B) P
C) Br
D) Rn
E) As

Of the elements below, ________ is the least metallic.
A) Ne
B) F
C) Cl
D) O
E) S

Of the following metals, ________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Ni
B) K
C) Ca
D) Al
E) Sr

The reason Bromine is more likely to exist as an anion than is potassium is because ________.
A) Bromine is bigger than potassium
B) Bromine has a greater ionization energy than potassium does
C) Bromine has a greater electron affinity than potassium does
D) Bromine is a liquid and potassium is a solid
E) Bromine is more metallic than potassium

All of the following are ionic compounds except ________.
A) CH4
B) K2O
C) Be(OH)2
D) NiCl2
E) Sr3N2

When dissolved in water, ________ produces a basic solution.
A) SO2
B) Rb2O
C) OBr2
D) ZnCl2
E) N2

Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be ________.
A) strontium
B) bromine
C) selenium
D) germanium
E) nitrogen

This element reacts with hydrogen to produce a gas with the formula HX. When dissolved in water, HX forms an acidic solution. X is ________.
A) chlorine
B) calcium
C) oxygen
D) germanium
E) arsenic

Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula M2O. When M2O is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be ________.
A) calcium
B) bromine
C) oxygen
D) carbon
E) nitrogen

The effective nuclear charge for an atom ________ going from left to right across a period.

As successive electrons are removed from an element, the ionization energy ________.

Which of the halogens has the highest first ionization energy?

When electrons are removed from a lithium atom, they are removed first from which orbital?

In which orbital will an electron add to the element chlorine to form a Cl-?

Write a balanced reaction between magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid.

What are the elements called that are located between the metals and nonmetals?

Complete the following: SO3 + H2O →

Which metal is a liquid at room temperature?

[Kr]5s² is the electron configuration for ________.

He]2s²2p⁵ is the electron configuration for ________.

The charges for the ions formed from the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals are ________ and ________, respectively.

Peroxide or superoxides can be formed with ________ which is group IA in the periodic table.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of sodium metal with water.

Which alkaline earth metal is the least reactive?

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental chlorine with liquid water.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental sulfur and oxygen gas.

List seven nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental forms.

Which element(s) in group VIIA are solids at room temperature?

Which noble gas has the highest first ionization energy?

The effective nuclear charge acting on an electron is larger than the actual nuclear charge.

The effective nuclear charge in an atom is proportional to the number of nuclear protons.

The atomic radius of iodine is one-half the distance separating the iodine nuclei.

A group of ions all containing the same number of electrons constitutes an isoelectronic series.

Elements that readily conduct electricity are elements with low ionization energies.

Electron affinity measures how easily an atom gains an electron.

Xenon can form compounds with fluorine.