Warren G. Harding's weaknesses as president included all of the
following except a (n)
a. lack of political experience.
b. mediocre mind.
c.
inability to detect moral weaknesses in his associates.
d.
unwillingness to hurt people's feelings by saying no.
e.
administrative weakness.
A
Match each member of President Harding's cabinet below with his major
area of responsibility.
A. Charles Evans Hughes
B. Andrew Mellon
C. Herbert
Hoover
D. Albert Fall
E. Harry Daugherty
1. taxes and tariffs
2. naval oil reserves
3. naval
arms limitation
4. foreign trade and trade associations
5.
justice and law enforcement
a. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-4, E-1
b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2,
E-5
c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-5, E-1
d. A-4, B-5, C-1, D-3,
E-2
e. A-1, B-2, C-5, D-3, E-4
B
Which one of the following members of President Harding's cabinet
proved to be incompetent and corrupt?
a. Herbert Hoover
b. Calvin Coolidge
c. Andrew
Mellon
d. Charles Evans Hughes
e. Albert Fall
E
Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding
a. sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had
been the practice under William McKinley.
b. hoped to encourage
the government actively to assist business along the path to
profits.
c. sought to regulate the policies of large
corporations.
d. aimed at supporting increased competition in
business.
e. aided small business at the expense of big business.
B
During the 1920s, the Supreme Court
a. often ruled against progressive legislation.
b.
rigorously upheld the antitrust laws.
c. generally promoted
government regulation of the economy.
d. staunchly defended the
rights of organized labor.
e. upheld laws providing special
protection for women
A
__________ was (were) adversely affected by the demobilization
policies adopted by the federal government at the end of World War I.
a. The cement industry
b. The railroad industry
c. The
shipping industry
d. Veterans
e. Organized labor
E
The Supreme Court cases of Muller-and Adkins centered on
a. racial discrimination in employment.
b. affirmative
action.
c. anti-union "right to work" laws in several
states.
d. the question of whether women merited special legal
and social treatment.
e. antitrust legislation.
D
The nonbusiness group that realized the most significant, lasting
gains from World War I was
a. labor.
b. blacks.
c. the Ku Klux Klan.
d.
women.
e. veterans.
E
One exception to President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism
involved in the Middle East, where the United States sought to
a. support a homeland for Jews in Israel.
b. prevent the
League of Nations from establishing British and French protectorates
in the region.
c. stop the Soviet Union from dominating the
area.
d. secure oil-drilling concessions for American
companies.
e. curb the rise of Arab nationalism.
D
Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of
international disarmament because
a. he feared renewed war in Europe.
b. he recognized that
an arms race was imminent.
c. businesspeople were unwilling to
help pay for a larger United States Navy.
d. he did not want the
League of Nations to take the lead on this problem.
e. American
public opinion supported peacemaking efforts.
C
The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
a. formally ended World War I for the United States, which had
refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
b. set a schedule for
German payment of war reparations.
c. established a battleship
ratio for the leading naval powers.
d. condemned Japan for its
unprovoked attack on Manchuria.
e. outlawed war as a solution to
international rivalry.
E
In the 1920s the Fordney-McCumber Tariff __________ tariff rates and
the Hawley-Smoot Tariff __________ tariff rates, so that by 1930 the
tariff rates had been substantially __________ from the opening of the decade.
a. raised; lowered; lowered
b. lowered; raised;
raised
c. raised; raised; raised
d. lowered; lowered;
lowered
e. raised; lowered; raised
C
Which of the following was not a consequence of the American policy
of raising tariffs sky-high in the 1920s?
a. European nations raised their own tariffs.
b. the
postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged.
c. international economic
distress deepened.
d. American foreign trade declined.
e.
the American economy slipped into recession.
E
The Teapot Dome scandal involved the corrupt mishandling of
a. naval oil reserves.
b. funds for veterans'
hospitals.
c. the budget for the Bureau of Indian
Affairs.
d. European war-debt payments.
e. presidential pardons.
A
The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in
the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of
a. the treasury.
b. state.
c. the navy.
d.
commerce.
e. the interior.
E
Which of the following descriptive attributes is least characteristic
of President Coolidge?
a. honesty
b. frugality
c. shyness
d.
wordiness
e. caution
D
During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by
the interests and values of
a. farmers and wage earners.
b. the business
community.
c. racial and ethnic minorities.
d. progressive
reformers.
e. conservative New Englanders.
B
After the initial shock of the Harding scandals, many Americans
reacted by
a. demanding that all those involved be sent to prison.
b.
excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that "they had
gotten away with it."
c. demanding the impeachment of the
president.
d. suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so
that Calvin Coolidge could take control.
e. calling for a
thorough Congressional investigation.
B
One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
a. overproduction.
b. the inability to purchase modem farm
equipment.
c. passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill.
d. the
prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws.
e. drought and
insects like the boll weevil.
A
In the mid- 1920s President Coolidge twice refused to sign
legislation proposing to
a. exempt farmers' cooperatives from the antitrust laws.
b.
defend the family farm against corporate takeovers.
c. make the
United States a member of the World Court.
d. lower
taxes.
e. subsidize farm prices.
E
The intended beneficiaries of the McNary-Haugen Bill were __________;
the intended beneficiaries of the Norris-LaGuardia Act were __________.
a. railroads; labor unions
b. farmers; labor unions
c.
banks; railroads
d. farmers; banks
e. railroads; farmers
B
Which of the following splits did not affect the Democratic party in 1924?
a. "wets" versus "drys"
b. immigrants
versus old-stock Americans
c. urbanites versus
suburbanites
d. Fundamentalists versus Modernists
e.
northern liberals versus southern conservatives
C
Senator Robert La Follette's Progressive party advocated all of the
following except
a. government ownership of railroads.
b. relief for
farmers.
c. opposition to antilabor injunctions.
d.
opposition to monopolies.
e. increased power for the Supreme Court.
E
In 1924 the Democratic party convention failed by a single vote to
adopt a resolution condemning
a. the Ku Klux Klan.
b. immigration restrictions.
c.
prohibition.
d. Fundamentalism.
e. business monopolies.
A
The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because
a. it could not win the farm vote.
b. too many people
shared in prosperity to care about reform.
c. it was too caught
up in internal discord.
d. the liberal vote was split between it
and the Democratic Party.
e. La Follette could not win the
Socialists' endorsement.
B
In the early 1920s, one glaring exception to America's general
indifference to the outside world was its
a. involvement in the
World Court.
b. armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central
America.
c. involvement in the League of Nations' humanitarian
operations.
d. naval buildup
e. continuing attempt to oust
the Communist from power in the Soviet Union.
B
America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay
loans that the United States made to them during World War I because
a. the United States had owed them about $4 billion before the
war.
b. the amount of money involved was not significant.
c.
they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair
for the United States to write off the debt.
d. the United States
was making so much money from Mexican and Middle Eastern oil that it
did not need extra dollars.
e. Germany was not paying its
reparations to them, so they could not afford to pay off the loans.
C
As a result of America's insistence that its Allies' war debts be repaid in full,
a. the French and British demanded enormous reparations payments
from Germany.
b. the German mark was ruined by drastic
inflation.
c. the Allies borrowed money from Switzerland to repay
the loans.
d. the United States began threatening renewed
military intervention in Europe.
e. the allies insisted on lower
U.S. tariffs.
A
America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by
the Dawes Plan, which
a. ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central
America and the Caribbean.
b. established a ratio of allowable
naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan.
c.
condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria.
d. aimed to
prevent German re-armament.
e. provided a solution to the tangle
of war-debt and war reparations payments.
E
The most colorful presidential candidate of the 1920s was
a. Calvin Coolidge.
b. John W. Davis.
c. Alfred E.
Smith.
d. Herbert Hoover.
e. Robert La Follette.
C
All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith
except his
a. Catholic religion.
b. support for the repeal of
prohibition.
c. big-city background.
d. failure to win the
support of American labor.
e. radio speaking skill.
D
One of Herbert Hoover's chief strengths as a presidential candidate
was his
a. adaptability to the give-and-take of political
accommodation.
b. considerable experience in running for
political office.
c. personal charm and charisma.
d. ability
to face criticism.
e. talent for administration.
E
When elected to the presidency in 1928, Herbert Hoover
a. was militantly antilabor and against big government.
b.
brought little administrative talent or experience to the job.
c.
understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the
Great Depression.
d. combined small-town values with wide
experience in modem corporate America.
e. had been a successful
governor of California.
D
The Federal Farm Board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act,
lent money to farmers primarily to help them to
a. organize producers' cooperatives.
b. learn a new and
more profitable trade.
c. open new land to cultivation.
d.
purchase expensive new farm machinery.
e. take land out of production.
A
As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930,
a. American industry grew more secure.
b. duties on
agricultural products decreased.
c. American economic
isolationism ended.
d. campaign promises to labor were
fulfilled.
e. the worldwide depression deepened.
E
In America, the Great Depression caused
a. people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for
their problems.
b. a decade-long decline in the
birthrate.
c. an increase of foreign investment because prices
were so low.
d. a shift from Wall Street investment to investment
in small, local businesses.
e. a growing acceptance by business
of the need for federal regulation.
B
President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be
ended by doing all of the following except
a. providing direct aid to the people.
b. directly
assisting businesses and banks.
c. keeping faith in the
efficiency of the industrial system.
d. continuing to rely on the
American tradition of rugged individualism.
e. lending federal
funds to feed farm livestock.
A
President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression was to
a. leave the economy alone to work itself out of
trouble.
b. nationalize major industries.
c. encourage the
states to stimulate spending.
d. work for the breakup of business
monopolies.
e. offer federal assistance to businesses and banks
but not individuals.
E
The "alphabetical agency" set up under Hoover's
administration to provide aid to business and local governments was the
a. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
b. National Recovery
Administration (NRA)
c. Works Progress Administration
(WPA)
d. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
e.
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
D
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established to
a. provide direct economic assistance to labor.
b. make
loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments.
c.
outlaw "yellow dog" (antiunion) contracts.
d. provide
money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River.
e. lend
money for federal public works projects.
B
The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand
a. the removal of American troops from Nicaragua.
b. an
expanded American army and navy.
c. immediate full payment of
bonus payments promised to World War I veterans.
d. punishment
for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington,
D.C.
e. housing and health care assistance for veterans.
C
President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his
a. decision to abandon the principle of "rugged
individualism."
b. construction of "Hoovervilles"
for the homeless.
c. agreement to provide a federal dole to the
unemployed.
d. refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great
Depression.
e. handling of the dispersal of the Bonus Army.
E
In response to the League of Nations' investigation into Japan's
invasion and occupation of Manchuria,
a. the United States became an official member of the
League.
b. Japan withdrew its troops.
c. it initiated a
boycott of Japanese goods.
d. Japan left the League.
e. the
U.S. and China moved toward an alliance.
D
The 1932 Stimson doctrine
a. reversed the United States' long-standing interventionist
policy in Latin America.
b. committed the United States to join
the League of Nations' effort to impose economic sanctions against
Japan for its invasion of Manchuria.
c. announced the United
States' willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national
policy.
d. declared that the United States would not recognize
any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms.
e.
declared Japan and Germany "rogue states."
D