Lecture What did you learn Ch 12 CNS Flashcards

Nerve impulses leading to skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

• sensory (afferent) division
• sympathetic division
• somatic nervous system
• parasympathetic division

The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

• sympathetic division
• sensory (afferent) division
• parasympathetic division
• somatic nervous system

Which of the following is richest in lipids?

• gray matter
• dendrites
• neuron cell bodies
• white matter

What is the central nervous system?

• spinal nerves
• sensory (afferent) nerves
• somatic nerves
• brain and spinal cord

Which structures create the blood brain barrier?

• Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls
• Tight junctions between cells that form capillary walls
• Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls
• Gap junctions between cells that form capillary walls

Which of the following describes the nervous system's integrative function?

• senses changes in the environment
• relies on action potentials for integration, not graded potentials
• responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
• analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions

Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

a. sensory (afferent) division
b. somatic nervous system
c. sympathetic division
d. parasympathetic division

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

• neuron cell bodies
• interneurons
• dendrites
• ascending tracts

What brain region are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus part of?

• brain stem
• basal nuclei
• midbrain
• diencephalon

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

• parietal lobe
• temporal lobe
• prefrontal lobe
• frontal lobe

What are the components of the brain stem?

• midbrain, medulla, and pons
• midbrain only
• cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
• pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain

Which of the following is least likely to be related to an injury in the hypothalamus?

• dehydration
• loss of body temperature control
• loss of fine motor control
• sleep disturbances

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

dura and epidura
arachnoid and epidura
arachnoid and dura
arachnoid and pia

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

regulate emotional responses
regulate food intake
regulate the thalamus
regulate body temperature

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

• prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
• limbic association area
• combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
• posterior association area

Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival?

• suprachiasmatic nucleus
• autonomic control center
• temperature control center
• thirst center

Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

• red blood cells
• glucose
• protein
• potassium

During meningitis, which of the following is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain?

• pia mater
• arachnoid mater
• dura mater
• arachnoid villi

Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep?

• beta
• delta
• alpha
• theta

Sleepwalking may occur during ________.

• NREM stage 4
• REM
• NREM stage 2
• NREM stage 1

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.

• lateral horns
• nuclei
• pyramids
• olives

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________.

• ventral (anterior) horn
• dorsal (posterior) horn
• dorsal root ganglion
• lateral horn

Declarative memory ________.

• usually involves motor skills
• is hard to unlearn when learned once
• is best remembered in the doing
• is the ability to learn specific information

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________.

• lateral spinothalamic
• posterior spinothalamic
• reticulospinal
• ventral (anterior) spinothalamic

Broca's area ________.

• is usually found only in the right hemisphere
• controls voluntary movements of the eyes
• serves the recognition of complex objects
• is considered a motor speech area

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

• postcentral gyrus
• Wernicke's area
• gustatory cortex
• red nuclei

which of the following structures is not part of the limbic system?

A. hippocampus
B. caudate nucleus
C. amygdala
D. cingulate gyri

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

• decussation center
• executive suite
• motor command center
• visceral command center

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children?

• theta
• beta
• alpha
• delta

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

• pyramids
• thalamus
• limbic system
• reticular formation

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

• rubrospinal tracts
• premotor cortex
• primary motor cortex
• spinal cord

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

• motor
• emotional
• procedural
• declarative

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

• medulla oblongata
• thalamus
• hippocampus
• prefrontal cortex

Which part of the CNS sorts almost all of the ascending sensory information?

• hypothalamus
• pons
• thalamus
• mesencephalon

Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle-shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres?

• falx cerebri
• corpus callosum
• tentorium cerebelli
• falx cerebelli

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity?

• cerebral cortex
• cerebellum
• brain stem
• diencephalon

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

• parietal lobe
• frontal lobe
• temporal lobe
• premotor cortex

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

• basal nuclei
• midbrain
• brain stem
• diencephalon

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord?

• first
• second
• third
• fourth

the _________________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, and the sleep/wake cycle

A. hypothalamus
B. midbrain
C. hippocampus
D. amygdala

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

• central sulcus
• cranial fossa
• lateral sulcus
• longitudinal fissure

Which functional area of the brain is responsible for our level of awareness and alertness?

• reticular activating system
• Broca's area
• limbic system
• frontal eye fields

Which of the following regions of the brain stem serves as a bridge between the brain stem and the cerebellum?

• thalamus
• medulla oblongata
• pons
• midbrain

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

• myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
• unmyelinated nerve fibers only
• cell bodies
• myelinated nerve fibers only

Which of these is not part of the limbic system?

• corpus callosum
• amygdala
• cingulate gyrus
• hippocampus

Which type of wave predominates during stage 1 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?

• alpha
• beta
• theta
• delta

during development of the nervous system, the telencephalon will become the

A. cerebral hemispheres
B. midbrain
C. diencephalon
D. cerebellum

what provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. pons

what is not part of the cerebrum?

A. brainstem
B. insula
C. frontal lobe
D. parietal lobe

what are the three primary brain vesicles that form the neural tube?

A. forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
B. mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon
C. mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata
D. brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum

The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the:

A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
C. brainstem
D. diencephalon

What component of the diencephalon secretes melatonin?

A. pituitary gland
B. amygdala
C. pineal gland
D. thalamus

it is in the medulla oblongata they corticospinal tracts ________, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and visa versa

A. decussate
B. commence
C. merge
D. unite

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?

A. peripheral nervous system
B. anterolateral system
C. limbic system
D. medial lemniscal system

what type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere?

A. commissural fibers
B. projection fibers
C. association fibers
D. corpus callosum

the central sulcus separates the:

A. parietal and frontal lobes
B. parietal and temporal lobes
C. parietal and occipital lobes
D. frontal and temporal lobes

integrative functions are carried out by the

A. autonomic nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. central nervous system
D. All of the above

which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres?

A. Funiculi
B. projection fibers
C. commissural fibers
D. association fibers

cognition is best described as

A. the ability to comprehend and produce words
B. encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry
C. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli
D. reversible and normal suspension of consciousness

the deep grooves in the cerebrum are known as

A. gyri
B. ventricles
C. sulci
D. fissures

the two brain structures concerned directly with maintenance of homeostasis include certain nuclei in the brainstem and the

A. limbic system
B. hypothalamus
C. cerebellum
D. basal nuclei

nearly all stimuli destined for the cerebral cortex must first pass through the

A. brainstem
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. corpus callosum

bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as?

A. nuclei
B. nerves
C. ganglia
D. tracts

an elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as?

A. furrow
B. sulcus
C. fissure
D. gyrus

the cerebellum functions in?

A. homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate
B. biological rhythm
C. the planning and coordination of movement
D. learning, memory, and personality

which brain nucleus serves as the bodies "master or Biological clock"?

A. Basal Nucleus
B. Lentiform nucleus
C. Suprachiastmatic nucleus
D. Caudate nucleus

which of the following structures connects the brain to the spinal cord?

A. Brainstem
B. Cerebellum
C. Diencephalon
D. Cerebrum

Which of the following is not a function of the spinal cord?

• Conduct motor information from the brain
• Provide physical protection for neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts
• Coordinate repetitive sequence of contractions required for walking
• Conduct sensory information to the brain

Where is the last grey matter voluntary motor impulses pass through as they exit the spinal cord?

a) dorsal (anterior) horn

b) dorsal roots

c) ventral (posterior) horn

d) ventral roots

Which of the following are NOT components of the blood-brain barrier?

• astrocytes
• the meninges
• high numbers of tight junctions in brain capillaries
• endothelial cells of brain capillaries

While observing a cross section of the spinal cord under the microscope, you notice a butterfly-shaped area on the inside. You would identify this as the __________.

• gray matter
• white matter
• the meninges
• pia mater

Which of the following locations does not contain white matter?

• corticospinal tracts
• outer portion of the spinal cord
• corpus callosum
• cerebral cortex

Which of the following meninges is composed of delicate connective tissue and is richly invested with tiny blood vessels?

a) Dura mater
b) Arachnoid mater
c) Pia mater
d) Casa mater

Which of the following is not a function of the CSF?

a) reduction of brain weight
b) nourishment of the brain
c) protection from blows
d) initiation of some nerve impulses

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

a) terminate in the spinal cord
b) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
c) give rise to conscious experience of perception
d) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

a) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
b) the thalamus
c) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
d) sympathetic ganglia

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)premotor cortex

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve contains the neuron cell bodies of only sensory neurons?

• dorsal root
• posterior ramus
• anterior ramus
• ventral root

What are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system called?

• nuclei
• ganglia
• nerves
• tracts

What components are used to classify a nerve as a 'mixed nerve'?

• afferent and efferent fibers
• spinal and cranial nerves
• neuron cell bodies and axons
• interneurons and efferent neurons

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) pons
d) medulla

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

a) cerebrum
b) medulla
c) pons
d) midbrain

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

a) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.

b) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

c) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

d) No functional area of the cortex works alone.

If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________.

a) spinal cord may be affected
b) cranial nerves would not form
c) hindbrain would not be present
d) telencephalon would cease development

Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.

a) reticulospinal
b) anterior spinothalamic
c) posterior spinothalamic
d) lateral spinothalamic

The hypothalamus ________.

a) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
b) is an important auditory and visual relay center
c) mediates sensations
d) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.

a) spinal shock only
b) paraplegia
c) quadriplegia
d) hemiplegia

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

a) Damage to the visual association area results in blindness.

b) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.

c) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.

d) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.

A. Visceral sensory
B. Somatic sensory
C. Visceral motor
D. Somatic motor
E. Afferent

Meningitis can be caused by infection of the central nervous system by bacteria. Which cells would be most responsible for removing the infection?

• Schwann cells
• satellite cells
• oligodendrocytes
• microglia

Which of the following circuit types is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as the sleep-wake cycle, breathing, and certain motor activities (such as arm swinging when walking)?

• parallel after-discharge circuits
• reverberating circuits
• converging circuits
• diverging circuits

Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit?

• pre-discharge circuits
• diverging circuits
• converging circuits
• reverberating circuits

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.

• afferent neuron
• glial cell
• association neuron
• efferent neuron

_____ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

A) Sleep apnea
B) Epilepsy
C) Syncope
D) Narcolepsy

Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________.

• do not understand language
• can communicate through writing or sign language, but they cannot speak
• can understand language, but have difficulty speaking
• do not understand written communications, but they can speak clearly and intelligibly

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities

• cerebrum and basal nuclei
• cerebrum and cerebellum
• cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal nuclei
• cerebellum and basal nuclei

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

A. hypothalamus

B. lateral geniculate of the thalamus

C. inferior colliculus

D. lateral horn of the spinal cord

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

A. motor nerves

B. sensory nerves

C. mixed nerves

D. afferent nerves

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

A. is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

B. typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm

C. is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars

D. is more successful than with the PNS

• The distance between two consecutive wave crests is the __________.
• pitch
• frequency
• wavelength
• amplitude

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

• regulation of body temperature
• emotional responses
• regulation of food intake
• secretion of the hormone melatonin

Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?

• pia mater
• meningeal layer of the dura mater
• arachnoid mater
• periosteal layer of the dura mater

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

• epithelial cells
• astrocytes
• neurons
• ependymal cells

Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex?

• Thalamus
• mesencephalon
• hypothalamus
• pons

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

• lateral fissure
• longitudinal fissure
• parieto-occipital fissure
• central fissure

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

• alcohol
• nutrients such as glucose
• anesthetics
• metabolic waste such as urea

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

• association fibers
• internal capsules
• projection fibers
• commissures

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

• Parkinson's disease
• Huntington's disease
• spinal cord disease
• cerebellar disease

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

• relay station for the special senses
• visceral control center of the body
• somatic motor control center
• gateway to the cerebellum

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called _____.

• ganglia
• gyri
• fissures
• sulci

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

• motor nerves
• afferent nerves
• efferent nerves
• mixed nerves

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

• 6
• 8
• 10
• 12

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

• complete loss of sensation
• a complete loss of voluntary movement
• loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
• a complete loss of sensation and movement

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

• pons
• thalamus
• reticular formation
• medulla

Which division of the nervous system has short preganglionic neurons?

• somatic sensory
• somatic motor
• sympathetic
• parasympathetic

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

• Hypothalamus
• medulla
• cerebellum
• thalamus