61. The laboratory data reveal a calcium phosphate renal stone for a
client diagnosed with renal calculi. Which discharge teaching
intervention should the nurse implement?
1. Encourage
the client to eat a low-purine diet and limit foods such as organ
meats.
2. Explain the importance of not drinking water
two (2) hours before bedtime.
3. Discuss the importance
of limiting vitamin D-enriched foods.
4. Prepare the
client for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
3. Dietary changes for preventing renal stones include reducing the
intake of the primary substance forming the calculi. In this case,
limiting vitamin D will inhibit the absorption of calcium from the
gastrointestinal tract.
TEST-TAKING HINT: The test taker
should remember to read the question carefully. The question asks for
a "discharge teach- ing" intervention. This rules out option
"4," which is a treatment, as a potential answer.
62. The client diagnosed with renal calculi is admitted to the
medical unit. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
1. Monitor the client's urinary output.
2.
Assess the client's pain and rule out complications.
3.
Increase the client's oral fluid intake.
4. Use a safety
gait belt when ambulating the client.
2. Assessment is the first part of the nursing process and is
priority. The renal colic pain can be so intense it can cause a
vasovagal response, with resulting hypotension and syncope
TEST-TAKING HINT: Remember, if the question asks which
intervention is first, all four (4) options may be appropriate for the
client's diagnosis but only one has priority. Assessment is the first
part of the nursing process and it is the first intervention a nurse
should implement if the client is not in distress.
63.The client with possible renal calculi is scheduled for a renal
ultrasound. Which intervention should the nurse implement for this
procedure?
1. Ask if the client is allergic to shellfish
or iodine.
2. Keep the client NPO eight (8) hours prior
to the ultrasound.
3. Ensure the client has a signed
informed consent form.
4. Explain the test is
noninvasive and there is no discomfort.
4. No special preparation is needed for this noninvasive, nonpainful
test. A conductive gel is applied to the back or flank and then a
transducer is applied, which produces sound waves, resulting in a
picture.
TEST-TAKING HINT: The nurse must be aware of
pre-procedure and post-procedure teach- ing and care. The test taker
must know the invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests in general.
Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) are a few of the noninvasive diagnostic tests.
64. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess
for the client diagnosed with a ureteral renal stone?
1.
Dull, aching flank pain and microscopic hematuria.
2.
Nausea; vomiting; pallor; and cool, clammy skin.
3.
Gross hematuria and dull suprapubic pain with voiding.
4. The client will be asymptomatic.
2.The severe flank pain associated with a stone in the ureter often
causes a sympathetic response with associated nausea; vomiting;
pallor; and cool, clammy skin
TEST-TAKING HINT: Options
"1" and "3" both have assessment data indicating
bleeding. The test taker can usually eliminate these as possible
answers or eliminate the other two options not addressing blood.
Renal stones are painful; therefore, option "4" could be
eliminated as a possible answer.
65.The client diagnosed with renal calculi is scheduled for a 24-hour
urine specimen collection. Which interventions should the nurse
implement? Select all that apply.
1. Check for the
ordered diet and medication modifications.
2. Instruct
the client to urinate and discard this urine when starting a
collection.
3. Collect all urine during 24 hours and
place it in an appropriate specimen container.
4.
Insert an indwelling catheter in the client after having the client
empty the bladder. 5. Instruct the UAP to notify the nurse when the
client urinates.
1. The health-care provider may order certain foods and medications
when obtain- ing a 24-hour urine collection to evaluate for calcium
oxalate or uric acid.
2. When the collection begins, the
client should completely empty the bladder and discard this urine.
The test is started after the bladder is empty.
3. All
urine for 24 hours should be saved and put in a container with
preservative, refrigerated, or placed on ice as indicated. Not
following specific instructions will result in an inaccurate test result.
66.The client is diagnosed with an acute episode of ureteral calculi.
Which client problem is priority when caring for this client?
1. Fluid volume loss.
2. Knowledge deficit.
3. Impaired urinary elimination.
4. Alteration in comfort.
4. Pain is priority. The pain can be so severe a sympathetic response
may occur, causing nausea; vomiting; pallor; and cool, clammy
skin
TEST-TAKING HINT: Remember Maslow's hierarchy of
needs: airway and pain are priority. No option mentions possible
airway problems, so pain is priority.
67.The client diagnosed with renal calculi is scheduled for
lithotripsy. Which post-procedure nursing task is the most appropriate
to delegate to the UAP?
1. Monitor the amount, color,
and consistency of urine output.
2. Teach the client
about the care of the indwelling Foley catheter.
3.
Assist the client in the car when being discharged home.
4. Take the client's post procedural vital signs.
3. The UAP could assist the client to the car once the discharge has
been completed
TEST-TAKING HINT: There are some basic
rules about delegation: the nurse cannot delegate assessment,
teaching, evaluation, or any task requiring judgment.
68. Which statement indicates the client diagnosed with calcium
phosphate renal calculi understands the discharge teaching for ways to
prevent future calculi formation?
1. "I should
increase my fluid intake, especially in warm weather."
2. "I should eat foods containing cocoa and
chocolate."
3. "I will walk about a mile every
week and not exercise often."
4. "I should
take one (1) vitamin a day with extra calcium."
1. An increased fluid intake ensuring 2 to 3 L of urine a day
prevents the stone- forming salts from becoming concentrated enough to
precipitate
TEST-TAKING HINT: This is a urinary problem
and fluid is priority. Therefore, the test taker should select an
option addressing fluid, and there is only one option addressing oral intake.
69. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement
for the client diagnosed with rule-out renal calculi?
1.
Assess the client's neurological status every two (2) hours.
2. Strain all urine and send any sediment to the laboratory.
3. Monitor the client's creatinine and BUN levels.
4. Take a 24-hour dietary recall during the client interview.
2.Passing a renal stone may negate the need for the client to have
lithotripsy or a surgical procedure. Therefore, all urine must be
strained, and stone, if found, should be sent to the laboratory to
determine what caused the stone
TEST-TAKING HINT:
Remember, if the question asks for "most important," more
than one of the options could be appropriate but only one is most
important. Assessment is a priority if the client is not in distress,
but the test taker should make sure it is appropriate for the situation.
70.The client with a history of renal calculi calls the clinic and
reports having burning on urination, chills, and elevated temperature.
Which instruction should the nurse discuss with the client?
1. Increase water intake for the next 24 hours.
2.
Take two (2) Tylenol to help decrease the temperature.
3.
Come to the clinic and provide a urinalysis specimen.
4.
Use a sterile 4 × 4 gauze to strain the client's urine.
3. A urinalysis can assess for hematuria, the presence of white blood
cells, crystal fragments, or all three, which can determine if the
client has a urinary tract infection or possibly a renal stone, with
accompanying signs/symptoms of UTI.
TEST-TAKING HINT: Fever, chills, and burn- ing on urination
require some type of assessment. Therefore, the test taker should
select an option that helps determine what is wrong with the client
and "3" is the only such option.
71.The client had surgery to remove a kidney stone. Which laboratory
assessment data warrant immediate intervention by the
nurse?
1. A serum potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L.
2. A urinalysis shows microscopic hematuria.
3. A creatinine level of 0.8 mg/100 mL.
4. A white blood cell count of 14,000/mm3.
4. The white blood cell count is elevated; normal is 5,000 to 10,000/mm3
TEST-TAKING HINT: The nurse must know normal laboratory data and
be able to apply the normal and abnormal results to specific diseases
and disorders.
72. The client is diagnosed with a uric acid stone. Which foods
should the client eliminate from the diet to help prevent
reoccurrence?
1. Beer and colas.
2. Asparagus and cabbage.
3. Venison and sardines.
4. Cheese and eggs.
3. Venison, sardines, goose, organ meats, and herring are high-purine
foods, which should be eliminated from the diet to help prevent uric
acid stones
TEST-TAKING HINT: The nurse has to be knowledgeable of foods
included in specific diets. This is memorizing, but the test taker
must have this knowledge to answer questions evaluating types of diets
for specific diseases and disorders.