Pathology Flashcards

Rubbing off of the superficial layer.

Hereditary loss of pigment in the eye, skin and hair; usually associated with lowered visual acuity, nystagmus and light sensitivity.

Amblyopia or “lazy eye” is a dimness of vision that can not be corrected to 20/20 by a prescriptive lens. Some therapy can be used, such as patches, to strengthen the weak eye.

Congenital absence of iris.

Aniseikonia is a condition in which there is a relative difference in size and/or shape of the ocular images. An iseikonic lens is used to correct aniseikonia. Aniseikonia often results from antimetropia or severe anisometropia.

A condition in which the type of refractive error is the same for both eyes but the amount of the error is considerably unequal, usually greater than 2.00 diopters of difference. This condition may be corrected with glasses and/or contact lenses.

In this condition, one eye is myopic and one eye is hyperopic. This condition may be corrected with glasses and/or contact lenses.

Aphakia is the absence of the crystalline lens of the eye, due most frequently to the removal of a cataract.

Grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea.

Inflammation of the margins of the eyelids.

Total swelling of the cornea with painful blister formation at the epithelial level; treated frequently with a therapeutic soft lens.

A cataract is any opacity of the crystalline lens. To be clinically significant, it must cause a significant reduction in acuity or a functional impairment. Cataracts can result from aging, an accident, hereditary factors, medications, and nutritional disorders. Treatment involves surgical removal of the lens. When patients have no crystalline lens they are referred to as aphakic.

Inflammatory enlargement of a Meibomian gland of the eyelid.

Severe edema of the conjunctiva.

Redness around the limbus surrounding the cornea.

Tight lenses, sensitivities to solutions and keratitis may all result in circumcorneal injection in soft lens
wearers.

Conjunctivitis is a nonspecific term used to describe an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a wide range of conditions. It is commonly referred to as “pink eye”. It is classified clinically according to the underlying cause. The most common causes are bacterial, viral, allergic, and contact lens related. It is possibly contagious and rooms should be disinfected after anyone with a red eye uses any equipment.

Swelling of the cornea caused by hypoxia or insufficient oxygen.

A depressed area on the cornea which shows stain due to lack of wetting from the pre-corneal tear film. It is generally found adjacent to an elevated area.

Diplopia occurs when a single object is perceived as two objects instead of one (Double Vision). This condition may be aided with the use of prism. A sudden onset of diplopia in adults is unusual and requires in-depth examination by the doctor.

Areas of drying as noted by absent areas of fluorescein-stained tear film on the cornea when the patient stares.

An eversion or turning outward of the eyelid.

An inflammation of the entire eye including the outer coats.

Turning inward of the eyelid.

Edema of the superficial layer of the cornea.

The folding back of the eyelid on itself.

Edema in the stroma associated with scarring on both the endothelium and epithelium.

Empty vessels remaining after corneal invasion by blood vessels.

Large elevated papules in the tarsal conjunctiva. Usually associated with soft lens wear.

In glaucoma, the intraocular pressure becomes elevated because the eye produces too much fluid and/or the fluid cannot drain from the eye properly. Because of the high pressure, the optic nerve becomes damaged resulting in gradual vision loss. This is usually a silent disease, thus necessitating routine screenings. There is no cure, but treatment involves medications and/or surgery.

Low in oxygen.

Dryness of the cornea.

Inflammation of the cornea.

Drying of the cornea and conjunctiva.

A degeneration of the cornea causing irregular and severe astigmatism in which the cornea becomes curved or conical in shape.. Patients require specialty contact lens fitting, usually with rigid gas permeable lenses.

A faint or slightly misty corneal opacity.

Abnormal growth of new blood vessels in the cornea.

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rapid movement or rotation of the eye. Nystagmus is often associated with photophobia. Patients with a significant refractive error may profit from contact lenses because the lenses move with the eye.

A misnomer for acute corneal hypoxia characterized by a latent interval after removal of the lens; extreme pain and congestion of lids, cornea, and conjunctiva are experienced. It is more common with rigid lenses.

Invasion of the peripheral cornea by infiltration and formation of the new blood vessels.

Phoria is a condition in which an ocular muscle is out of balance. This muscle imbalance creates a tendency in which the eye turns away from its normal position when fusion is broken. The brain has a natural tendency to create fusion. However, when fusion is broken by something obstructing a person’s line of sight, the eye will have a tendency to turn away from its normal position. Once the line of sight is clear, fusion will generally occur.

Photophobia is an abnormal sensitivity or intolerance of light.

Yellowish, triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva, nasal or temporal to the cornea.

A triangle fold of growing membrane that may extend over the cornea from the white of the eye. It occurs most frequently in persons exposed to dust, sun, or wind.

Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid. A ptosis crutch may be used to elevate the drooping upper eyelid. Surgery is also available to help correct this condition.

Blurred vision that lasts for 30 minutes or longer after a rigid lens is removed and spectacles are employed.

Strabismus, know as “crossed eyes”, is a muscle or refractive imbalance that prevents normal binocular vision. This condition may be aided with the use of prism, vision therapy, or surgery to help with either visual acuity or the cosmetic appearance of the eye.

Dotlike staining of the cornea.

Diffuse stippling of the cornea.

Erosion of the cornea at the 3 and 9 o’clock position; seen usually in patients wearing rigid lenses.

Tropia is a definite turning of an eye away from its normal position. Both eyes are not focusing on the object viewed. The brain cannot overcome the turning of the eye to create fusion. Tropia may result from a weak or damaged ocular muscle or from the brain’s inability to create fusion.

A large defect in the cornea which may be caused by hypoxia, trauma, or infection.

Increased blood vessels occurring in a cornea.