chapter 23 Flashcards

1) Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE?
A) Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure.
B) Lymphangitis may occur.
C) It can be treated with antibiotics.
D) It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria.
E) It may be aggravated by antibiotics.

2) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) subacute bacterial endocarditis — alpha-hemolytic streptococci
B) acute bacterial endocarditis — Staphylococcus aureus
C) pericarditis — Streptococcus pyogenes
D) puerperal sepsis — Staphylococcus aureus
E) Burkitt's lymphoma — Epstein-Barr virus

3) Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?
A) cutaneous
B) inhalationial
C) septic
D) gastrointestinal
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are recognized forms of anthrax.

4) Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin?
A) serious wounds at risk for gas gangrene
B) tularemia
C) patients at risk for rheumatic fever
D) puerperal sepsis
E) rat-bite fever

5) Which of the following statements about tularemia is FALSE?
A) It is caused by Francisella tularensis.
B) The most common reservoir is rabbits.
C) It may be transmitted by arthropods.
D) It may be transmitted by direct contact.
E) It occurs only in California.

6) Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?
A) gastroenteritis
B) relapsing fever
C) undulant fever
D) pneumonia
E) jaundice

7) Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?
A) toxoplasmosis
B) anthrax
C) brucellosis
D) listeriosis
E) All of these can be transmitted in raw milk

8) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?
A) is aerobic
B) is gram-positive
C) forms endospores
D) found in soil
E) produces endotoxins

9) The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) microbial fermentation.
B) necrotizing exotoxins.
C) proteolytic enzymes.
D) hyaluronidase.
E) endocarditis

10) Which of the following bacterial infections CANNOT be transmitted by dog or cat bites?
A) Pasteurella multocida
B) Streptobacillus
C) Bartonella henselae
D) Fusobacterium
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these bacterial infections can be transmitted by dog or cat bites.

11) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) malaria — Anopheles (mosquito)
B) dengue — Aedes (mosquito)
C) epidemic typhus — Pediculus (louse)
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever — Dermacentor (tick)
E) encephalitis — Ixodes (tick)

12) Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT
A) plague.
B) epidemic typhus.
C) endemic murine typhus.
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E) relapsing fever.

13) Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE?
A) It is caused by a protozoan.
B) The reservoir is cats.
C) It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route.
D) It is a severe illness in adults.
E) It can be congenital.

14) Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagas' disease?
A) causative agent — Trypanosoma cruzi
B) vector — kissing bug
C) reservoir — rodents
D) diagnosis of acute phase — serological tests for antibodies
E) treatment — nifurtimox

15) Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
A) epidemic typhus
B) tickborne typhus
C) malaria
D) plague
E) relapsing fever

16) A patient presents with inflammation of the heart valves, fever, malaise, and subcutaneous nodules at joints. The recommended treatment is
A) supportive care.
B) streptomycin.
C) chloroquine.
D) hyperbaric chamber.
E) praziquantel.

17) Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE?
A) It is transmitted from mother to fetus.
B) It is caused by health care personnel.
C) It begins as a focal infection.
D) It is a complication of abortion or childbirth.
E) Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques.

18) Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is FALSE?
A) The cercariae penetrate human skin.
B) They symptoms are caused by immune reactions to the eggs shed in the human host.
C) The intermediate host is an aquatic snail.
D) It is caused by a roundworm.
E) The female worm lives in a groove that runs down the body of the male.

19) Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is FALSE?
A) It is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
B) It is an inflammation of the heart.
C) It is an inflammation of the joints.
D) It is rarely fatal, even when untreated.
E) The incidence has declined in the last ten years.

20) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Rickettsia — intracellular parasite
B) Brucella — gram-negative aerobic rods
C) Francisella — gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus
D) Bacillus — gram-positive endospore-forming rods
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.

21) Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?

1. A) Borrelia
2. B) cytomegalovirus
3. C) Spirillum
4. D) anthrax

E) Yersinia

22) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Borrelia — relapsing fever
B) Yersinia — plague
C) Streptobacillus — rat-bite fever
D) Pasteurella — cat-scratch disease
E) Spirillum — rat-bite fever

23) A patient returning from an extended trip into Mexico has the following symptoms: a papule at the site of a previous bug bite and enlarged lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the papule reveals nucleated cells in white blood cells. The patient most likely has
A) anthrax.
B) brucellosis.
C) leishmaniasis.
D) malaria.
E) schistosomiasis.

24) Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by
A) rat flea.
B) dog flea.
C) the respiratory route.
D) wounds.
E) unsanitary conditions.

25) A characteristic symptom of plague is
A) small red spots on the skin.
B) swollen lymph nodes.
C) rose-colored spots.
D) recurrent fever.
E) nausea and vomiting.

26) Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched?
A) vector — Ixodes
B) etiology — Plasmodium
C) found in liver — sporozoites
D) diagnosis — presence of merozoites
E) treatment — chloroquine when possible

27) A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is
A) gangrene.
B) burns.
C) debridement.
D) hyperbaric treatment.
E) an infected finger.

28) Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
A) puerperal sepsis
B) Hantavirus infection
C) anthrax
D) brucellosis
E) tularemia

29) Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT
A) plague.
B) brucellosis.
C) epidemic typhus.
D) yellow fever.
E) malaria.

30) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) cat-scratch disease — malignant pustule developing into septicemia
B) brucellosis — a temperature of 40°C each evening
C) tularemia — a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer
D) Borrelia — rash and flulike
E) toxoplasmosis — congenital brain damage

31) Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?
A) toxoplasmosis
B) plague
C) Chagas' disease
D) Bartonella
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these diseases can be transmitted to humans from domestic cats.

32) Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?
A) rising and falling body temperature
B) mode of transmission
C) presence of rash
D) reservoir
E) etiology

33) Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?
A) plague
B) tularemia
C) Lyme disease
D) Ebola
E) anthrax

34) Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?
A) Borrelia
B) cytomegalovirus
C) Spirillum
D) Toxoplasma
E) Yersinia

35) Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT
A) endocarditis.
B) infectious mononucleosis.
C) Burkitt's lymphoma.
D) nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
E) Hodgkin's disease.

36) Which of the following leads to all the others?
A) subcutaneous hemorrhaging
B) presence of antirickettsial antibodies
C) blockage of capillaries
D) bacterial growth in endothelial cells
E) breakage of capillaries

37) A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which of the following do you suspect?
A) Lassa fever
B) dengue
C) Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever
D) typhus
E) yellow fever

38) Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?
A) Lyme disease — gram-negative
B) tularemia — gram-negative
C) anthrax — gram-positive
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever — gram-negative
E) Ehrlichia — gram-positive

39) Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely
A) Lyme disease.
B) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C) relapsing fever.
D) swimmer's itch.
E) Chagas' disease.

40) You advise your pregnant friend to not adopt a new kitten from her neighbor because she could contract
A) plague.
B) Brukitt's Lymphoma.
C) toxoplasmosis.
D) listeriosis.
E) infectious mononucleosis.

41) Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?
A) treatable with penicillin
B) not contagious
C) accompanied by a rash
D) affected mostly children
E) transmitted by ticks

42) Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?
A) chikungunya fever
B) yellow fever
C) dengue fever
D) schistosomiasis
E) malaria

43) A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an eight-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C (104°F). A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?
A) hyperbaric oxygen
B) mefloquine
C) no treatment
D) penicillin
E) streptomycin

44) Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is FALSE?
A) They are present in healthy carriers.
B) They cause gram-positive sepsis.
C) They cause strep throat.
D) They cause neonatal sepsis.
E) They are classified as Streptococcus agalactiae.

45) Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because
A) they are not susceptible to antibiotics.
B) they easily become airborne.
C) infection causes a fever.
D) it is a endospore-forming organism.
E) it causes ulcerating lesions of the skin

1) All lymph that returns to the heart must pass through at least one lymph node.

2) Lymph contains red blood cells.

3) Pathogens must be blood-borne in order to initiate sepsis.

4) Neonatal sepsis is most commonly caused by group A streptococci.

5) Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly the result of infections initially focused on the oral cavity.

6) All viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.

7) Netting modified for sandflies should also be useful in preventing malaria.

8) Tularemia is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due its high infective dose.

9) All forms of typhus are associated with arthropod vectors.

10) The most likely primary site of replication during mononucleosis is the B lymphocyte.