CHAPTER 5 AND 6 SAMPLE 2 Flashcards

When energy-depleted elements associated with a proton are accepted by an organic molecule, the process is called

A)fermentation

B)anaerobic

C)aerobic

An example of anaerobic would be

A)production of sulfates from H2S

B)production of methane by methanogens'

C)glycolysis by purple bacteria

D)utilization of methane by methanogens

The end product of glycolysis is

A)NADH

B)acetyl-CoA

C)lactate

D)pyruvate

The final output of the Krebs cycle includes all of the following except

A)NADP

B)FADH₂

C)ATP

D)CO₂

The usefulness of fermentation as a means of deriving energy is limited because

A)it cannot generate enough ATP

B)it produces too much NH₂

C)the end products are toxic to the producer

D)it uses more energy than it produces

What substance is produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and feeds into the citric acid cycle?

A)pyruvate

B)glucose

C)acetyl-CoA

D)O₂

E)CO₂

Glycolysis has an efficiency level of approximately

A)2%

B)3.5%

C)21.5%

D)50%

E)78.5%

Hans Krebs discovered (worked out the details of)

A)glycolysis

B)fermentation

C)the oxidation of pyruvate

D)the citric acid cycle

E)electron transport and chemiosmosis

Oxidative respiration in eukaryotes has an efficiency level of approximately

A)2%

B)63%

C)14%

D)36%

E)32%

In aerobic cellular respiration, which generates more ATP, substrate-level phosphorylation or chemiosmosis?

A)substrate-level phosphorylation

B)chemiosmosis

C)both generate the same amount of ATP

D)neither generates any ATP

What role does O₂ play in aerobic respiration?

A)it plays no role

B)it combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the Krebs cycle

C)it is given off as a by-product during the oxidation of pyruvate

D)it combines with H₂O to help drive the formation of ATP

E)it is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain

During aerobic respiration, FADH₂ is produced in

A)glycolysis

B)the oxidation of pyruvate

C)the Krebs cycle

D)the electron transport chain

E)fermentation

NADH is produced during

A)glycolysis

B)the oxidation of pyruvate

C)the Krebs cycle

D)all of the above

E)none of the above

Organisms that do not have the ability to produce or synthesize their own food are called

A)anaerobic

B)autotrophs

C)exergonic

D)catabolic

E)heterotrophs

The proper sequence of stages in glycolysis is

A)glucose priming, cleavage and rearrangement, oxidation, ATP generation

B)cleavage and rearrangement, glucose priming, ATP generation, oxidation

C)glucose priming, oxidation, cleavage and rearrangement, ATP generation

D)ATP generation, oxidation, glucose priming, cleavage and rearrangement

E)oxidation, cleavage and rearrangement, ATP generation, glucose primin

During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP synthesized?

A)glycolysis

B)oxidation of pyruvate

C)Krebs cycle

D)fermentation

E)chemiosmosis

Catabolic processes

A)make complex molecules from simpler ones

B)break complex molecules into simpler ones

C)occur only in autotrophs

D)occur only in heterotrophs

E)none of the above

What substance is regenerated by fermentation?

A)O₂

B)NAD⁺

C)acetyl-CoA

D)ATP

E)glucose

Which of the following is a multienzyme complex?

A)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

B)NAD⁺

C)FAD⁺

D)pyruvate dehydrogenase

E)all of the above

During chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration, protons are pumped

A)out of the cell

B)out of the mitochondria into the cell cytoplasm

C)out of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer compartment of the mitochondria

D)out of the cell cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria

E)out of the nucleus and into the mitochondria

Each molecule of FADH₂ results in the production of how many ATP molecules during aerobic respiration?

A)2

B)3

C)4

D)18

E)36

Which of the following organisms carries out cellular respiration?

A)a corn plant

B)a dog

C)a yeast

D)a bacterium

E)all of the above

Oxidizing which of the following substances yields the most energy?

A)proteins

B)glucose

C)fatty acids

D)alcoho

lE)water

The oxidation of glucose to two molecules each of pyruvate, ATP, and NADH is called ________ and occurs in the ________.

A)glycolysis; cytoplasm

B)fermentation; cytoplasm

C)the Krebs cycle; matrix of the mitochondrion

D)anaerobic respiration; cytoplasm

E)the respiratory electron transport chain; cristae of the mitochondrion

A cell culture was supplied with radioactively labeled O₂. The cells were monitored. In a few minutes the radioactive oxygen atoms were present in which of the following compounds:

A)carbon dioxide

B)NADH and FADH₂

C)water

D)ATP

E)lactic acid

During respiration, NADH donates two electrons to the carrier know as ubiquinone. When this happens, ubiquinone:

A)becomes oxidized.

B)passes the electrons directly to O₂ which is reduced to water.

C)pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane

.D)all of the above.

E)a and b, but not c.

The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is:

A)NAD⁺

B)pyruvate

C)O₂

D)lactic acid

E)ATP

Under normal conditions, as electrons flow down the electron transport chain of the mitochondria:

A)NADH and FADH₂ are oxidized.

B)the pH of the matrix increases.

C)the electrons lose free energy.

D)an electrochemical gradient is formed

.E)all of the above.

Pyruvate is oxidized when oxygen is present.

A)True

B)False

During the oxidation of glucose, a net gain of ATP only occurs under aerobic conditions.

A)True

B)False

ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires

A)an input of energy

B)a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP

C)a concentration gradient of protons

D)the protein ATPsynthase

E)all of the above

Proteins and fats can be nutritional sources of energy provided that

A)they are converted into glucose

B)the enter their own pathways that are separate from the glucose metabolic pathways

C)they are degraded completely into atoms before entering a pathway

D)they are modified so that they can enter the glucose metabolic pathways

E)both b and c

ATP formation by glycolysis

A)occurs through aerobic respiration

B)is an extremely efficient method of acquiring energy by the cell

C)requires oxygen

D)involves substrate-level phosphorylation

E)both a and c

Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed?

A)pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (high)

B)pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)

C)pyruvate (present)-oxygen (absent)-ATP levels (high)

D)pyruvate (absent)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)

E)pyruvate (absent)-oxygen (absent)-ATP levels (high)

In the course of the cell's breakdown of one glucose molecule, the mitochondrion takes up certain reactants and releases certain products. Indicate some of these reactants and products below by selecting the best choice from each numbered set of letters: REACTANTS (materials entering)A)6 carbon dioxide moleculesB)2 pyruvatesC)1 glucoseD)2 lactatesE)2 PEP

In the course of the cell's breakdown of one glucose molecule, the mitochondrion takes up certain reactants and releases certain products. Indicate some of these reactants and products below by selecting the best choice from each numbered set of letters: REACTANTS (materials entering)

Set 2

A)ATP

B)2 ADP + 32 Pi

C)2 ATP

D)4 ADP + 34 Pi

E)4 ATP

In the course of the cell's breakdown of one glucose molecule, the mitochondrion takes up certain reactants and releases certain products. Indicate some of these reactants and products below by selecting the best choice from each numbered set of letters: REACTANTS (materials entering)

Set 3

A)6 oxygen molecules

B)12 water molecules

C )12 oxygen molecules

D)reduced cytochromes

E)6 oxygen + 12 water molecules

PRODUCTS (materials leaving)

A)4 carbon dioxide molecules

B)2 pyruvates

C)1 glucose

D)2 lactates

E)2 PEP

In the course of the cell's breakdown of one glucose molecule, the mitochondrion takes up certain reactants and releases certain products. Indicate some of these reactants and products below by selecting the best choice from each numbered set of letters: REACTANTS (materials entering)

PRODUCT SET 2

A)ATP

B)2 ADP + 32 Pi

C)2 ATP

D)4 ADP + 34 Pi

E)4 ATP

In the course of the cell's breakdown of one glucose molecule, the mitochondrion takes up certain reactants and releases certain products. Indicate some of these reactants and products below by selecting the best choice from each numbered set of letters: REACTANTS (materials entering)

PRODUCT Set 3

A)6 oxygen molecules

B)12 water molecules

C)12 oxygen molecules

D)reduced cytochromes

E)6 oxygen + 12 water molecules

Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?

A)CO₂

B)O₂

C)ethanol

D)lactate

E)all of the above are products of fermentation