Evolve Reach Admission Assessment Exam Review: Chemistry Flashcards

Mixture with uniform density throughout and no distinguishable coponents.

Mixture in which the components are readily distinguished.

A change in which the checmical composition of a substance remains the same.

A change in which the chemical bonds are broken and reformed to create a new and different substance.

The simplest of substances and is represented by a specific letter or combinations of letters.

Combinations of eleements in whole number ratios.

Mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.

The breaking of bonds and the reforming of new bonds to create new chemical compounds with different chemical forumulas and different chemical properties.

syntehesis, decomposition, combusion, single replacement, double replacement

Two elements combine to form a product.

The breaking of a compound into component parts.

The reaction of a compound or element with oxygen. In the combusiton of a hydrocarbon carbon dioxide and water are produced.

Reaction involoving ionic compounds. The reactivity of the ionic compounds determines whether the reaction will take place or not. Can be single replacement or double replacement reaction.

Reaction between a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound ex. copper wire reacting with aqueous silver nitrate.

Reaction involving two ionic compounds where the positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound. The result it two new ionic compounds that have switches partners.

The number of protons in a given element.

An average of the masses of each of the iostopes of an element as they occur in mature. (Represents the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an element because electrons essentially have no mass).

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

+1

+2

+3

d = m/v

Density of an object realtive to water. No units.

Energy of motion.

Stored energy.

Form of energy, measured in calories.

The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celsius.

Combination of two or more pure substances.

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)

Shell Electrons (max)
1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 18
4th = 32

Elements of group 7A. Have a charge of -1. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine. Form compounds with sodium in the form NaX.

Elements of group 1A. Have a charge of +1. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium. React with water to form hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide (MOH) + H2. Also from compounds with the halogens in the form MX. Ex. NaCl.

An ion with a negative charge.

An ion with a positive charge.

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.

A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

A covalent bond between two atoms where electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms.

Created when atoms are joined by a polar covalent bond. The positive end of a dipole in one compound will be attracted to the negative dipole in another compound creating weak attraction between the two compounds.

Covalent bond

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

Dispersion forces.

Attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element. Generally involve fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Temporary dipole created when moving electrons within an element or compound concentrate themselves on one side of an atom. Usually found in nonpolar covalent compounds.

Another name for dispersion forces, dipole interactions.

-3

-2

-1

109

An amount of an element equal to its atomic weight in grams. Also described by the amount of a substance that contains 6.02 x 10 23rd particles of that substance.

The emission of helium ions that consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (thus having a +2 charge). Alpha particles can be stopped by a piece of paper.

The product of the decomposition of a neutron and is composed of high energy high-speed electrons. They are negatively charged and have basically no mass. Beta particles can be stopped by aluminum foil.

High-energy electromagnetic radition that lacks charge and mass. Gamma radiation can be stopped by several feet of concrete or several inches of lead.

The emission of particle sfrom an unstable nucleus. Exists in three forms alpha, beta, and gama radiation.

The mass of one mole of a compound.

When a substance changes from a solid to a gas without first becoming a liquid.

PV=nRT (n is equal to the number of moles of the substance and R is the gas constant 0.082)

The number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution.

Reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one element to another.

The loss of electrons in an redox reaction.

The gain of electrons in a redox reaction.

1. Elemental atoms have an oxidation number of zero.
2. The oxidation number of any simple ion is the charge of the ion.
3. The oxidation number for oxygen in compound is always -2.
4. The oxidation number for hydrogen in compound is +1.
5. The sum of the oxidation numbers equals the charge on the molecule or polyatomic ions.

- act as hydrogen-ion donors.
- produce H3O+ in aqueous solutions.
- tast sour or tart.
- most of their formulas begin with H.
- relase H2 gas when reacting with active metals.
- conduct electrical current.
- pH is less than 7.

- produce OH- in solution.
- taste bitter.
- feel slippery.
-conduct electricity.
- formulas often contain OH-.
- pH is greater than 7

Process which occurs when an acid and a base react tot produce a salt and water. The result is a pH near 7.