Erik Erikson's theory explains:
How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
Resocialization.
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.
Socialization
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?
Nature vs. Nurture
Education is important to society because:
All of the above
It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces.
It teaches children facts about the world in which they live.
It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations.
All of the above
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?
In their teenage years
Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of:
The hidden curriculum of schools
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.
Parents often socialize their children to:
Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying?
The preparatory stage
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
Conflict
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
Symbolic Interactionism
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?
Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable.
Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult.
All of the above
The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes.
All of the above
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?
Carol Gilligan
Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):
Aggregate
Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?
Sending threatening letters to someone's home
Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
The group is better informed than they are.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:
Personality-based promotion
The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:
Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
A total institution can be defined as:
An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.
When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:
The McDonaldization of Society
The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:
Conformity
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.
Laissez-faire
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:
Utilitarian organization
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.
Reference group
A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:
Coercive organization