Anatomy & Physiology- Ch: 3 Flashcards

All body cells except sex cells are ________________.

Soma = body

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division; organization of mirotubules in cytoskeleton are functions of the ________________.

________________ contains two centrioles at
right angles; each centriole is composed
of 9 microtubule triplets in a 9 + 0 array

_______________ are Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes

Strength and support; movement of cellular structures
and materials are functions of the __________________.

________________ is a Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids,
steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Isolation; protection; sensitivity; support; controls entry and exit of materials are functions of the ______________________.

_____________ distributes 
materials by diffusion.

_____________ are extensions of the plasma
membrane containing microfilaments.

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials are functions of the ______________.

________ are long extensions of the plasma membrane containing microtubules.

• Small hairlike extensions

There are two types of cilia :___________ and _______________ .

A primary cilium acts as a 
sensor. Motile cilia move
materials over cell surfaces are functions of ________.

_________ are hollow cylinders of proteolytic
enzymes with regulatory
proteins at their ends

Breakdown and recycling of
 damaged or abnormal intracellular
proteins are functions of _________________.

__________ are RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound
 to rough endoplasmic reticulum; free
ribosomes scattered
in cytoplasm

Ribosomes function is ____________________.

______________ are stacks of flattened membranes
(cisternae) containing chambers

Storage, alteration, and packaging
 of secretory products and
lysosomal enzymes are functions of the _________________.

__________ have a double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enzymes

____________ produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell

__________________ is a network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

Synthesis of secretory
 products; intracellular storage
 and transport; detoxification of
 drugs or toxins are functions of the __________________________.

______________ modifies and
 packages newly 
synthesized
proteins

__________________ synthesizes lipids
 and carbohydrates

____________ are vesicles containing
degradative enzymes

Catabolism of fats and 
other organic compounds;
neutralization of toxic 
compounds generated in
 the process are functions of the __________________.

________________ are vesicles containing 
digestive enzymes

Intracellular removal
 of damaged organelles
 or pathogens are functions of the _________________

___________ is nucleoplasm containing 
nucleotides, enzymes,
nucleoproteins, and
 chromatin; surrounded
 by a double membrane,
the nuclear envelope

Control of metabolism;
storage and processing 
of genetic information;
 control of protein
 synthesis are functions of the __________.

The process of protein synthesis is called __________.

Cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes, and proteasomes are __________________________.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria are ________________________.

____________ - thin filaments composed of the protein actin

• Provide additional mechanical strength
• Interact with proteins for consistency
• Pair with thick filaments of myosin for muscle movement

_________________ -mid-sized between microfilaments and thick filaments

• Durable (collagen)
• Strengthen cell and maintain shape
• Stabilize organelles
• Stabilize cell position

_______________ — large, hollow tubes of tubulin protein

• Attach to centrosome
• Strengthen cell and anchor organelles
• Change cell shape
• Move vesicles within cell (kinesin and dynein)
• Form spindle apparatus

____________ bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane

_____________ is all materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus

Ribosomes build ______________ in protein synthesis

Free ribosomes in cytoplasm manufacture __________ for cell

__________________ attached to ER manufacture proteins for secretion

Proteasomes contain enzymes (proteases)
that disassemble damaged proteins for _____________.

High K, low Na, low Ca is _______________

High Na, low k, high Ca is _______________.

Glycolipids attach to the lipids on the cell as a ______________.

______________ are as thick as plasma membrane and Within the membrane

______________ increase surface area for absorption and attach to cytoskeleton.

_______ are small hairlike extensions and move fluids across the cell surface

Centrioles form _______________ during cell division

A __________ consists of nine microtubule triplets (known as a 9 + 0 array)

______________ are storage chambers within membranes

Functions of ________________________:

1. Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
2. Storage of synthesized molecules and materials
3. Transport of materials within the ER
4. Detoxification of drugs or toxins

_______________ are enzyme-containing vesicles that break down fatty acids, organic compounds; produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and replicate by division

Mitochondria use oxygen to break down food and produce ATP this is called ___________________.

What is the functional unit of heredity?

As the cell life cycle proceeds, cyclin levels climb, causing the maturation promoting factor (MPF) to appear in the cytoplasm, initiating the process of __________.

The four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are __________.

Hemolysis occurs when a red blood cell is placed in __________.

A solution that contains a solute concentration greater than that in a cell is said to be __________.

____________ is when carrier proteins transport molecules too large to fit through channel proteins (glucose, amino acids); Molecule binds to receptor site on carrier protein; Protein changes shape, molecules pass through; Receptor site is specific to certain molecules

__________________ is important for ions and water soluble molecules

Types of Passive diffusion:

Lipid soluble compounds are _____________________.

A _______________ solution would treat brain edema due to injuries.

A _____________ is when two substances go through a channel in the same direction.

An _______________ is when one substances enters a channel while another one is leaving a cell

The NA+ -K+ ATPase Pump is an example of ___________________

The effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it tends to __________.

__________________ have a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules;

are found in all animal cells capable of undergoing cell division;

are found in pairs, except during cell division

_________________ involves moving glucose and amino acids

___________ is when Na+ concentration gradient drives glucose transport and then ATP energy pumps Na+ back out